第五篇——Three Steps That Can Mean Effective Six Sigma Training

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Three Steps That Can Mean Effective Six Sigma Training
让六西格玛培训有效的三个步骤

One of the keys to a successful Six Sigma deployment is Green Belts and Black Belts who are well-trained and equipped to overcome any hurdles in executing projects. Thus, how training is carried out should be of concern to every Six Sigma company.
六西格玛成功应用的一个关键因素是绿带和黑带们，他们应训练有素，可以在项目执行中随时准备克服任何障碍。因此,如何进行培训应该是每个六西格玛公司最为关注的事情。
By Girish Dandekar 吉瑞西•丹迪卡
One of the keys to successful deployment of Six Sigma are Green Belts and Black Belts who are well-trained and equipped to overcome any hurdles in the execution of projects. While Master Black Belts, Champions and sponsors may decide the overall strategy of an organization's Six Sigma initiative, it is the Green Belts and Black Belts who are in the trenches. They lead and execute the projects which are the very core of any Six Sigma deployment. And at the same time they serve as vehicles for spreading Six Sigma culture throughout the organization.
成功应用六西格玛的一个关键因素是绿带和黑带，他们应训练有素,可以在项目执行中随时准备克服任何障碍。虽然黑带大师、倡导者和发起人能决定一个组织的全面六西格玛战略规划，但事实上在生产一线开展工作的是绿带和黑带。他们领导和执行任何六西格玛实施方案中最核心的部分，同时作为整个组织范围内传播六西格玛文化的载体。
So it can be said that Six Sigma, the powerful business process improvement methodology practiced by many of the largest and best organizations, depends to a significant degree on the quality of training provided to its project leaders. Since the benefits of Six Sigma run into the billions of dollars every year and the figure continues to grow, a lot of money is riding on training. Thus, how training is carried out should be of concern to every Six Sigma company.
可以这样说,六西格玛这个高效的业务流程改进方法之所以被许多最大最好的组织所运用,在很大程度上取决于对这些黑带、绿带等项目领导者的培训质量。自从六西格玛所带来的收益达到每年数十亿美元以来,到现在这个数字还在继续增长,这一切都源于培训。因此,如何进行培训应该是每个六西格玛公司最为关注的事情。
An effective training methodology includes three broad phases:
 Pre-training preparation
 Delivery of training
 Feedback, analysis and improvements
达到良好效果的培训包括三个阶段：
培训前的准备；
培训的交付；
培训的反馈、分析和改进
Pre-Training Preparation
Once the need for training is identified, the first step is to collect customer expectations. One of the most effective ways to do this is through discussions with key stakeholders. This is the voice of the customer (VOC) - in this case, the trainees and the deployment leaders. It provides vital input for developing and customizing the training program. Also helpful is knowing the business of the customer since this allows creation of relevant examples within the training material.
培训前的准备
一旦确定需要培训，第一步是收集客户的需求。一个非常有效的方式是组织参与培训的相关者开会讨论。这就是客户之声（来自学员、培训负责人的声音）。它为逐步形成并按需求定制培训方案提供了必不可少的依据。这也有助于了解客户的业务以便于在培训材料中创作一些相关的事例。
Conducting training is a team activity and it is important to know the participants, fellow trainers and goals for the training well in advance in order to prepare for success. The trainers should plan the training strategy together, deciding milestones for each day to monitor progress and tune the pace of training. Dividing the curriculum between trainers, and including games and exercises to review information between major training topics, help keep everyone engaged.
进行培训是一项团队活动，为使培训获得成功，重要的是提前熟悉学员、培训师和培训要达到的目标。培训师们应共同设计培训策划，制定每天的培训进度监控点和调整培训进度。将课程划分给两个培训师，并要包括游戏和练习以用来回顾相应的主要培训主题，这有助于保证每个人都参与其中。
Delivery of Training
Successful Six Sigma training requires a focus on both content and delivery.
培训的交付
成功的六西格玛培训需要专注于培训的内容和交付。
Content - The purpose of Six Sigma training is to develop Green Belts and Black Belts who are proficient in applying the methodology and its associated analytical tools. Six Sigma is a very structured methodology with distinct phases executed in a serial fashion - Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (DMAIC). The Six Sigma trainer must clearly articulate these phases demonstrating the logical flow from one to the next. A training format that illustrates practical application of the methodology through exercises at the end of each phase has proven successful for many organizations. Participants can accelerate their learning through hands-on application of the methodology in execution of a Six Sigma project from their business. This allows participants to better understand how the process directly benefits their organization.
内容
六西格玛培训的目的是培养一批熟练应用六西格玛方法和相关分析工具的绿带和黑带。六西格玛改进（即DMAIC）是一种划分为定义（Define）、测量（Measure）、分析（Analyze）、改进（Improve）、控制（Control）五个阶段的十分结构化的流程改进方法。培训师必须按一个接一个的逻辑流把这五个阶段明确清楚地表达出来。通过在每个阶段学习结束时进行练习，举例说明六西格玛方法的实际应用，这样的培训模式在很多组织都证明是成功的。学员可以通过他们业务范围内的六西格玛项目的亲身实践，促进对所学知识的理解和运用。这也使学员更好地理解该流程是怎样直接使组织受益的。
Delivery - Delivering training requires careful consideration of content and style. Trainers must know the material and understand it thoroughly. Knowing the audience assists in determining the most appropriate delivery style for the organization and the participants. The trainer's individual style also is important. This is an aspect of training that is generally missed; however, it is often as important as the content delivered. The trainer must energize the audience and keep them captivated throughout the training. Maintaining eye contact with all participants and memorizing the participants' names during the introduction session creates an informal and open learning environment.
培训交付
培训实施要求仔细考虑内容和风格。培训师必须熟悉并彻底理解教材。通过了解听众有助于为组织和学员制定最合适的培训方式。培训师的个人授课风格也是重要的，这一方面通常会被忽视，但它在大多数情况下和培训的内容一样重要。培训师必须能够活跃气氛，使大家在整个的培训过程中都充满活力。在进行自我介绍会时，保持与所有学员的眼神交流并熟记每位学员的名字，这样可以创造一个不拘谨的、开放的学习环境。
One of the benefits of the pre-training preparation activities is the identification of relevant examples from the participant's industry or actual work environment. Proper examples help make difficult concepts easier to understand and hold the interest of the audience.
培训前进行准备活动的好处之一是可找出一些学员所从事行业和实际工作环境的相关实例。合适的例子有助于学员更容易理解复杂难懂的概念并保持他们的兴趣。
A good technique to gauge success throughout the training is to ask the participants questions and encourage them to stay involved in the training process. This provides direct feedback and indicates whether the participants are grasping the subject matter. This also helps the trainer determine the optimum pace of the training and tune the delivery strategy to ensure success.
衡量整个培训是否成功的一个好方法是向学员进行提问并鼓励他们完全投入到培训过程之中。这样可以收集到学员的直接反馈并反映出他们是否抓住了培训主题。这也有助于培训师确定最适合的培训速度，调整授课策略以确保成功。
Feedback, Analysis and Improvement
One of the most important activities for a training program is to collect participant feedback at the end of training. In order to increase the comfort level for participants, keep the feedback form crisp and allow participants to provide feedback anonymously. Analyze the feedback to identify improvement opportunities as well as positive aspects to reinforce for the next training cycle. At the end of the training program, revisit the initial VOC gathered from the stakeholders and assess whether all goals were met. Meet with the stakeholders and incorporate their feedback into the improvement process too.
反馈、分析和改进
培训项目最重要的活动之一是在培训结束后收集学员的反馈意见。为了不至于使受访者感到不方便并保持反馈形式简明扼要，可以采用匿名方式。通过分析反馈意见不但可以识别明确的方向也可以确定改进机会，以期在下一次培训时进行完善。在培训结束时，重新梳理最初从培训相关者收集来的客户声音（VOC）并评估所有目标是否达到。与培训相关者接触并把他们的反馈意见也纳入到改进过程中。

No training program is perfect. But trainers who follow the uncomplicated three-step process can expect to achieve success.
没有任何培训项目是完美的。但是遵循这简单三个步骤的培训师可以期待获得成功。
About the Author: Girish Dandekar is a Master Black Belt working as a Six Sigma consultant with Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. in Mumbai, India. The author can be reached at mailto:girish.d@tcs.com。
关于作者：吉瑞西•丹迪卡，黑带大师，印度孟买塔塔咨询公司六西格玛顾问。可以通过 mailto:girish.d@tcs.com 与作者联系。