【校稿】第二十八篇 Sometimes finding a solution just requires hard work and fo
本帖最后由 小编H 于 2011-9-1 13:10 编辑
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本文翻译者：jin_cai08
Sometimes finding a solution just requires hard work and focus
by Lynne B. Hare
Several years ago, during a difficult Bach passage, our conductor stopped the chorus and addressed the bass section: "Gentlemen, I ask for champagne, and you give me beer."
几年前，在巴赫通最困难的一时期，我们的乐队停止合唱团和处理的低音部分：“先生们，我想请问香槟，你给我啤酒。”
"What’s wrong with beer?" I remember thinking. You probably drink beer. I used to, but not anymore (Not after last night! Just kidding But I do remember the conductor’s remark helped shape us up. He knew we could do better, and so did we. We just needed to focus and to work harder.“啤酒有什么问题吗？”我还记得的，你可能喝啤酒，我经常这样，但现在不行（不是今晚，开个玩笑！但我记得指挥员的话，帮助塑造了我们，他知道我们可以做得更好，所以没有我们，我们只需要集中精力，更加努力地工作
The episode came to mind recently when I was asked for my views on a report intercepted on its way to a member of the top brass. It contained tables of Cpk indexes by plant, month, product and response. 当时的情景我现在还记得，当我问其高层成员的方式截获的一份报告，我的看法，它包含Cpk的索引的表厂，月，产品和响应。
Recall that Cpk is the distance from the mean to the nearer specification limit divided by three times the capability, or within-group, standard deviation. To aid interpretation, the Cpk values greater than one appeared in green in the report, while those less than one were in red. The implication was that attention should be focused on areas with red Cpk values.回想一下，Cpk值的平均距离较近的规格限制，分为三次的能力，或组内标准差。为了帮助解释，Cpk值大于一出现在报告中的绿色，而那些不到一以红色。言下之意是，应该注意红色的Cpk值的地区为重点。
It’s difficult to argue with that. Attention probably should be focused there. But, while the report called attention to areas in need of improvement, however, it also took the heat off some other areas, assuming we are content with Cpk greater than one. Some say it should be greater than 1.3. 这很难说与，注意可能有应集中，但是，尽管该报告呼吁关注需要改进的领域，但是，它也采取了其它一些地区的热量，假设我们正在与Cpk值大于一的内容，有人认为它应大于1.3。
I said a lot more in an earlier column, ranting about having realistic specifications—having a process that is in control generates normally distributed data and has at least 100 observations.1 These are all prerequisites to using Cpk, and they are resoundingly ignored in practice.我说了很多话，在前面的列，大约有咆哮的现实规范控制是一个过程，产生正态分布的数据，并有至少100无法保存，这些都是使用Cpk的先决条件，他们在实践中彻底忽略。
Always plot the data经常绘制数据
It’s true that nobody put me in charge of quality indexes, but maybe I can illustrate the point. From the intercepted report, I noticed for one plant, one product, one month and one response, the Cpk was 1.09. It was in the clear—no problem. Look elsewhere. But wait a minute. I recalled someone saying, "Always, always, always—without exception—plot the data, and look at the plot." 这是真的，没有人把我负责质量指标，但也许我可以说明这一点。从截获的报告，我注意到的一个工厂，一个产品，一个月一个响应，Cpk值是1.09。它是在没有明确的问题，别处看看，但是且慢，我记得有人说，“永远，永远，永远没有异常图的数据，并看的情节。”
Well, the computer program that generated the Cpk also drew a histogram. That’s a plot, isn’t it? Besides, the data look roughly normal, and there are 187 points. True, the specifications came off a ceiling tile, but that’s the best we can do. We’re sticking to it.那么，计算机程序产生的Cpk也提请直方图。这是一个阴谋，是不是？此外，数据看起来大致正常，并有187点。诚然，规范来到了天花板，但是这是最好的，我们可以做的，我们坚持它。
Maybe I should have said, "Always, always, always—without exception—plot the data more than one way, and look at the plots (plural" No rule works for everything. But one plot that’s always worth a look is a time plot which shows all the raw data in sequential order. Figure 1 shows the time plot with the mean and upper and lower specification limits. As Yogi Berra said, "You can observe a lot just by watching." So watch Figure 1 carefully.也许我应该说，“总是，总是，总是毫无例外地图数据的方法不止一种，并期待在地块（复数）。” 没有规则的一切，但有情节，总是值得一看的是一个时间图显示顺序中的所有原始数据。图1显示的时间曲线与均值和上部和下部的规格限制。正如约吉贝拉说，“你可以观察，仅仅通过观看了很多。” 因此，观察图1小心。
http://www.asq.org/img/qp/AR_0 ... 1.gif At (circled) point one, there is an extreme low value. Maybe someone made an adjustment after seeing it because the next value is very close to the upper specification limit. （圆圈）点之一，是一个极端的低附加值。也许有人提出后，看到它，因为下一个值是非常接近的规格上限的调整。
It is possible this new high value was countered with another adjustment because two observations afterward, the observed value is below the mean. Then, starting at point two, there is a steady run upward. Did someone make another adjustment two steps before point three to bring the process downward? 它是可能的，这个新的高值与另一个调整反驳，因为后两个观测，观测值低于平均值。然后，在两个点开始，有一个稳定运行向上。有人再作调整了前两三个点步骤，使向下的过程吗？
Whatever happened at point three, the process started to creep up and was brought downward again. But after point four, there is another steady run upward.无论发生在点三，这一进程开始攀升，向下再次被带来了。但后点四，还有另外一个稳定的运行，向上。
It is fun to imagine what might have happened. Do you suppose the operator had a fight with his wife the night before? His thoughts drift from the process to the argument until suddenly he sees a value in excess of 900. "Holy Toledo, I have to act quickly! I’ll show her," he thinks as he grabs the wheel and adjusts down hard.这是有趣的想象会发生什么。你猜的前一天晚上，经营者与他的妻子吵架吗？他的思绪漂移过程中的参数，直到他突然看见一个价值超过900。 “神圣的托莱多，我必须迅速采取行动！我会告诉她，“他认为，因为他抓住方向盘和调整上下硬。
Then you come to points five, six and seven. Do you see something unusual? The values repeat. Was there a data transcription error? Did some well-meaning soul copy values to build up the data set? Repeats like that don’t happen by chance alone. We’ll probably never know the true cause of the repeated observations, but it is clear they don’t represent the real process behavior.然后，你来点五，六，七。你看到一些不寻常的吗？重复的值。有数据转录错误，一些善意的灵魂复制值，以建立数据集？像重复不偶然发生的。我们可能永远不会知道真正原因的反复观察，但很显然，他们并不代表真正的过程中的行为。
Forget Cpk for now现在开始谈Cpk
Oops—wait a minute. We forgot about Cpk. Instead, we got caught up in detective work. And while we did that, we didn’t worry about specifications, the process being in or out of control, the normality of the data, or the number of observations. Instead, we saw an opportunity to mend an undisciplined process, and we have something with a little more value for quality and productivity improvement.哎呀，等待一分钟。我们忘了Cpk值，相反，我们套上了侦查工作，而当我们这样做，我们不担心规范，过程控制，或数据的正态，或若干意见。相反，我们看到了一个机会，以修补一个散漫的过程，和我们有更多一点的质量和生产率的提高价值的东西。
We did this by forsaking the routine, by focusing and by working a little harder. Our working harmony produced champagne, not beer.我们没有放弃常规，通过集中和工作有点困难。我们的工作和谐的香槟，而不是啤酒。
Lynne B. Hare is a statistical consultant. He holds a doctorate in statistics from Rutgers University in New Brunswick, NJ. He is a past chairman of the ASQ Statistics Division and a Fellow of ASQ and the American Statistical Association. He sings in the bass section of the Pro Arte Chorale in Ridgewood, NJ.林恩B，是一个统计顾问，他获得了博士学位，在从新泽西州罗格斯大学在新不伦瑞克省，的统计数据。他是一个对ASQ统计司的前任主席和ASQ和美国统计学会院士。他唱普艺合唱团在里奇伍德，新泽西州的低音部分。
你好，我是小编H。请对以下文章有校稿兴趣的组员留下你的预计完成时间，并发短信息联系小编H，以便小编登记翻译者信息以及文章最终完成时的奖惩工作。
本文翻译者：jin_cai08
Sometimes finding a solution just requires hard work and focus
by Lynne B. Hare
Several years ago, during a difficult Bach passage, our conductor stopped the chorus and addressed the bass section: "Gentlemen, I ask for champagne, and you give me beer."
几年前，在巴赫通最困难的一时期，我们的乐队停止合唱团和处理的低音部分：“先生们，我想请问香槟，你给我啤酒。”
"What’s wrong with beer?" I remember thinking. You probably drink beer. I used to, but not anymore (Not after last night! Just kidding But I do remember the conductor’s remark helped shape us up. He knew we could do better, and so did we. We just needed to focus and to work harder.“啤酒有什么问题吗？”我还记得的，你可能喝啤酒，我经常这样，但现在不行（不是今晚，开个玩笑！但我记得指挥员的话，帮助塑造了我们，他知道我们可以做得更好，所以没有我们，我们只需要集中精力，更加努力地工作
The episode came to mind recently when I was asked for my views on a report intercepted on its way to a member of the top brass. It contained tables of Cpk indexes by plant, month, product and response. 当时的情景我现在还记得，当我问其高层成员的方式截获的一份报告，我的看法，它包含Cpk的索引的表厂，月，产品和响应。
Recall that Cpk is the distance from the mean to the nearer specification limit divided by three times the capability, or within-group, standard deviation. To aid interpretation, the Cpk values greater than one appeared in green in the report, while those less than one were in red. The implication was that attention should be focused on areas with red Cpk values.回想一下，Cpk值的平均距离较近的规格限制，分为三次的能力，或组内标准差。为了帮助解释，Cpk值大于一出现在报告中的绿色，而那些不到一以红色。言下之意是，应该注意红色的Cpk值的地区为重点。
It’s difficult to argue with that. Attention probably should be focused there. But, while the report called attention to areas in need of improvement, however, it also took the heat off some other areas, assuming we are content with Cpk greater than one. Some say it should be greater than 1.3. 这很难说与，注意可能有应集中，但是，尽管该报告呼吁关注需要改进的领域，但是，它也采取了其它一些地区的热量，假设我们正在与Cpk值大于一的内容，有人认为它应大于1.3。
I said a lot more in an earlier column, ranting about having realistic specifications—having a process that is in control generates normally distributed data and has at least 100 observations.1 These are all prerequisites to using Cpk, and they are resoundingly ignored in practice.我说了很多话，在前面的列，大约有咆哮的现实规范控制是一个过程，产生正态分布的数据，并有至少100无法保存，这些都是使用Cpk的先决条件，他们在实践中彻底忽略。
Always plot the data经常绘制数据
It’s true that nobody put me in charge of quality indexes, but maybe I can illustrate the point. From the intercepted report, I noticed for one plant, one product, one month and one response, the Cpk was 1.09. It was in the clear—no problem. Look elsewhere. But wait a minute. I recalled someone saying, "Always, always, always—without exception—plot the data, and look at the plot." 这是真的，没有人把我负责质量指标，但也许我可以说明这一点。从截获的报告，我注意到的一个工厂，一个产品，一个月一个响应，Cpk值是1.09。它是在没有明确的问题，别处看看，但是且慢，我记得有人说，“永远，永远，永远没有异常图的数据，并看的情节。”
Well, the computer program that generated the Cpk also drew a histogram. That’s a plot, isn’t it? Besides, the data look roughly normal, and there are 187 points. True, the specifications came off a ceiling tile, but that’s the best we can do. We’re sticking to it.那么，计算机程序产生的Cpk也提请直方图。这是一个阴谋，是不是？此外，数据看起来大致正常，并有187点。诚然，规范来到了天花板，但是这是最好的，我们可以做的，我们坚持它。
Maybe I should have said, "Always, always, always—without exception—plot the data more than one way, and look at the plots (plural" No rule works for everything. But one plot that’s always worth a look is a time plot which shows all the raw data in sequential order. Figure 1 shows the time plot with the mean and upper and lower specification limits. As Yogi Berra said, "You can observe a lot just by watching." So watch Figure 1 carefully.也许我应该说，“总是，总是，总是毫无例外地图数据的方法不止一种，并期待在地块（复数）。” 没有规则的一切，但有情节，总是值得一看的是一个时间图显示顺序中的所有原始数据。图1显示的时间曲线与均值和上部和下部的规格限制。正如约吉贝拉说，“你可以观察，仅仅通过观看了很多。” 因此，观察图1小心。
http://www.asq.org/img/qp/AR_0 ... 1.gif At (circled) point one, there is an extreme low value. Maybe someone made an adjustment after seeing it because the next value is very close to the upper specification limit. （圆圈）点之一，是一个极端的低附加值。也许有人提出后，看到它，因为下一个值是非常接近的规格上限的调整。
It is possible this new high value was countered with another adjustment because two observations afterward, the observed value is below the mean. Then, starting at point two, there is a steady run upward. Did someone make another adjustment two steps before point three to bring the process downward? 它是可能的，这个新的高值与另一个调整反驳，因为后两个观测，观测值低于平均值。然后，在两个点开始，有一个稳定运行向上。有人再作调整了前两三个点步骤，使向下的过程吗？
Whatever happened at point three, the process started to creep up and was brought downward again. But after point four, there is another steady run upward.无论发生在点三，这一进程开始攀升，向下再次被带来了。但后点四，还有另外一个稳定的运行，向上。
It is fun to imagine what might have happened. Do you suppose the operator had a fight with his wife the night before? His thoughts drift from the process to the argument until suddenly he sees a value in excess of 900. "Holy Toledo, I have to act quickly! I’ll show her," he thinks as he grabs the wheel and adjusts down hard.这是有趣的想象会发生什么。你猜的前一天晚上，经营者与他的妻子吵架吗？他的思绪漂移过程中的参数，直到他突然看见一个价值超过900。 “神圣的托莱多，我必须迅速采取行动！我会告诉她，“他认为，因为他抓住方向盘和调整上下硬。
Then you come to points five, six and seven. Do you see something unusual? The values repeat. Was there a data transcription error? Did some well-meaning soul copy values to build up the data set? Repeats like that don’t happen by chance alone. We’ll probably never know the true cause of the repeated observations, but it is clear they don’t represent the real process behavior.然后，你来点五，六，七。你看到一些不寻常的吗？重复的值。有数据转录错误，一些善意的灵魂复制值，以建立数据集？像重复不偶然发生的。我们可能永远不会知道真正原因的反复观察，但很显然，他们并不代表真正的过程中的行为。
Forget Cpk for now现在开始谈Cpk
Oops—wait a minute. We forgot about Cpk. Instead, we got caught up in detective work. And while we did that, we didn’t worry about specifications, the process being in or out of control, the normality of the data, or the number of observations. Instead, we saw an opportunity to mend an undisciplined process, and we have something with a little more value for quality and productivity improvement.哎呀，等待一分钟。我们忘了Cpk值，相反，我们套上了侦查工作，而当我们这样做，我们不担心规范，过程控制，或数据的正态，或若干意见。相反，我们看到了一个机会，以修补一个散漫的过程，和我们有更多一点的质量和生产率的提高价值的东西。
We did this by forsaking the routine, by focusing and by working a little harder. Our working harmony produced champagne, not beer.我们没有放弃常规，通过集中和工作有点困难。我们的工作和谐的香槟，而不是啤酒。
Lynne B. Hare is a statistical consultant. He holds a doctorate in statistics from Rutgers University in New Brunswick, NJ. He is a past chairman of the ASQ Statistics Division and a Fellow of ASQ and the American Statistical Association. He sings in the bass section of the Pro Arte Chorale in Ridgewood, NJ.林恩B，是一个统计顾问，他获得了博士学位，在从新泽西州罗格斯大学在新不伦瑞克省，的统计数据。他是一个对ASQ统计司的前任主席和ASQ和美国统计学会院士。他唱普艺合唱团在里奇伍德，新泽西州的低音部分。
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