ISO14001 简介
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 1 of 10
REFERENCES
This document provides an overview of the changes from the ISO 14001:1996 version
of the International Standard to the ISO 14001:2004 version.
Table of Contents:
Document Comparison Chart .........................................................................................2
Summary of Changes.....................................................................................................3
Introduction .................................................................................................................4
4.2 Environmental Policy .........................................................................................7
4.4.1 Resources, Roles, Responsibility and Authority .............................................7
4.6 Management Review.......................................................................................10
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 2 of 10
Document Comparison Chart
The following chart shows how the clause titles and numbers differ between ISO
14001:1996 and ISO 14001:2004.
ISO 14001:1996 ISO 14001:2004
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Definitions
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Environmental Policy
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental Aspects
4.3.2 Legal and Other Requirements
4.3.3 Objectives and Targets
4.3.4 Environmental Management
Programme(s)
4.4 Implementation and Operation
4.4.1 Structure and Responsibility
4.4.2 Training, Awareness and
Competence
4.4.3 Communication
4.4.4 Environmental Management
System Documentation
4.4.5 Document Control
4.4.6 Operational control
4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and
Response
4.5 Checking and Corrective Action
4.5.1 Monitoring and Measurement
4.5.2 Nonconformance and Corrective
and Preventive Action
4.5.3 Records
4.5.4 Environmental Management
System Audit
4.6 Management Review
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Environmental Policy
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental Aspects
4.3.2 Legal and Other Requirements
4.3.3 Objectives, Targets and
Programme(s)
4.4 Implementation and Operation
4.4.1 Resources, Roles,
Responsibility and Authority
4.4.2 Competence, Training and
Awareness
4.4.3 Communication
4.4.4 Documentation
4.4.5 Control of Documents
4.4.6 Operational Control
4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and
Response
4.5 Checking and Corrective Action
4.5.1 Monitoring and Measurement
4.5.2 Evaluation of Compliance
4.5.3 Nonconformity, Corrective
Action and Preventive Action
4.5.4 Control of Records
4.5.5 Internal Audit
4.6 Management Review
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 3 of 10
Summary of Changes
The 2004 edition of the ISO 14001 standard aims to clarify the 1996 edition and align it
more closely with the ISO 9001:2000 standard. Some clauses not modified for content
have been rewritten to align ISO 14001:2004 with the format, wording, and layout of ISO
9001:2000 and to enhance the compatibility between the two standards.
The ISO 14001:2004 requirements and clause numbers now more closely match
references in Annex A of the standard for ease of use. Additionally, Annex B identifies
similarities and associations between ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004.
In many cases, requirements that stated that an organization shall “establish and
maintain,” have now been changed to “establish, implement and maintain” throughout
the standard. Another change seen throughout the standard is the replacement of the
word “personnel” with “persons working for or on behalf of the organization.” This
distinction ensures external contractors are covered under certain clauses.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 4 of 10
Introduction
Two additional paragraphs in the introduction clarify the focus of the standard. The
additions and revisions to the introduction introduce the aim of the ISO 14001:2004
standard to enhance compatibility with ISO 9001:2000 and improve alignment between
clause references and supporting annexes.
The introduction also includes an explanation of the PDCA model used in ISO
9001:2000, additional text promoting the use of the process approach, and possible
alignment and integration with other management systems.
version of the standard. They include options to demonstrate conformity by:
• Making a self-determination or self-declaration
• Seeking confirmation from parties who have an interest in the organization, for
instance, customers
• Seeking certification or registration of the EMS by an external organization,
(e.g. BSI)
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 5 of 10
the definitions in ISO 14001:1996 have also been revised to ensure they are more
consistent with terminology in ISO 9001:2000.
The following are new terms and definitions in ISO 14001:2004:
Clause Term ISO 14001:2004 Definition
3.1 Auditor Person with the competence to conduct an audit
3.3 Corrective Action Action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity
3.4 Document Information and its supporting medium
3.14 Internal Audit
Systematic, independent and documented process for
obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to
determine the extent to which the environmental
management system audit criteria set by the organization
are fulfilled
3.15 Nonconformity Non-fulfillment of a requirement
3.17 Preventive Action Action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity
3.19 Procedure Specified way to carry out an activity or a process
3.20 Record Document stating results achieved or providing evidence
of activities performed
The following are terms and definitions that have been modified in the new version of
ISO 14001:2004:
(New text included in ISO 14001:2004 is in Bold and Italic, and text from ISO
14001:1996 that has been removed has been crossed out)
Clause Term Definition
3.2 Continual
Improvement
Recurring process of enhancing the environmental
management system in order to achieve improvements in
overall environmental performance consistent in line with
the organization’s environmental policy.
3.7 Environmental
Impact
Any change to the environment, whether adverse or
beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization’s activities, products or services
environmental aspects.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 6 of 10
3.8
Environmental
Management
System (EMS)
The part of an organization’s management system that
includes organizational structure, planning activities,
responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and
resources for developing, implementing, achieving,
reviewing, and maintaining the environmental policy. used
to develop and implement its environmental policy
and manage its environmental aspects.
3.9 Environmental
Objective
Overall environmental goal, arising from the environmental
policy consistent with the environmental policy that an
organization sets itself to achieve, and which is quantified
where practicable.
3.10 Environmental
Performance
Measurable results of the environmental management
system, related to an organization’s control of its
environmental aspects, based on its environmental policy,
objectives and targets. of an organization’s
management of its environmental aspects.
3.11 Environmental
Policy
Statement by the organization of its intentions and
principles in relation to its overall environmental
performance which provides a framework for action and
for the setting of its environmental objectives and targets.
Overall intentions and direction of an organization
related to its environmental performance as formally
expressed by top management.
3.12 Environmental
Target
Detailed performance requirement, quantified where
practicable, applicable to the organization or parts thereof,
that arises from the environmental objectives and that
needs to be set and met in order to achieve those
objectives.
3.18 Prevention of
Pollution
Use of processes, practices, techniques, material,
products, services or energy to that avoid, reduce or
control pollution, which may include recycling, treatment,
process changes, control mechanisms, efficient use of
resources and material substitution. (separately or in
combination) the creation, emission or discharge of
any type of pollutant or waste, in order to reduce
adverse environmental impacts.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 7 of 10
4.1
General
Requirements
The standard now includes a requirement for:
• Continual improvement to the EMS
• A defined and documented scope of the EMS
4.2
Environmental
Policy
The environmental policy now must be defined within the scope of the
EMS. The policy must also be communicated to all persons working
for -- or on behalf of -- the organization.
4.3.1
Environmental
Aspects
Aspects now must be identified within the defined scope of the EMS
and are required to be documented. The ISO 14001:2004 standard
also requires organizations to take aspects into account when
establishing, implementing, and maintaining their EMS.
4.3.2
Legal and Other
Requirements
Clause 4.3.2 now states that an organization must determine how legal
and other requirements apply to its aspects. The organization must
also take these requirements into account when establishing,
implementing, and maintaining its EMS.
4.3.3
Objectives,
Targets and
Programme(s)
Clause 4.3.3 of ISO 14001:2004 merges clause 4.3.3, “Objectives and
Targets,” and clause 4.3.4, “Environmental Management
Programme(s),” of ISO 14001:1996. Revisions include an additional
requirement that objectives and targets be measurable, consistent with
legal and other requirements, and committed to continual
improvement.
4.4.1
Resources, Roles,
Responsibility and
Authority
(was 4.4.1 Structure
and Responsibility)
In the 2004 revision, management is now tasked to “ensure the
availability” of resources instead of “provide resources” in the 1996
standard. The list of necessary resources has been expanded to
include organizational infrastructure. There is also a requirement that
the management representative provide top management with
recommendations for improvement to the EMS.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 8 of 10
4.4.2
Competence,
Training and
Awareness
(was 4.4.2 Training,
Awareness and
Competence)
ISO 14001:2004 states that in an organization, “any person(s)
performing tasks for it or on its behalf” must be identified by the
organization as competent if their activities have the potential to cause
a significant environmental impact. This has been changed from “all
personnel” to include contractors onsite and other persons not
employed by the organization who might perform an activity that could
cause a significant impact. A new requirement for records to be kept
regarding appropriate education, training, or experience was added to
clause 4.4.2.
4.4.3
Communication
An addition has been made to clause 4.4.3 to require a documented
decision about whether the organization will communicate externally
about its significant aspects. If the decision is to communicate, the
organization must introduce “method(s) --” instead of “processes” as
required by the 1996 standard -- for this communication.
4.4.4
Documentation
(was 4.4.4
Environmental
Management System
Documentation)
Clause 4.4.4 has not changed in intent, but has been updated to align
it more with ISO 9001:2000. ISO 14001:2004 requires documentation
to include:
• The environmental policy, objectives, and targets
• The scope of the EMS
• A description of the main elements of the EMS, their interaction,
and reference to related documents
• Documents, including records, required by ISO 14001:2004
• Documents, including records, determined as necessary by the
organization to its significant environmental aspects
4.4.5
Control of
Documents
(was 4.4.5 Document
Control)
Formatting changes help align clause 4.4.5 of ISO 14001:2004 with
ISO 9001:2000. An additional clarification has been made to define
records as a special type of document requiring control. A new
addition to the requirements aims to ensure documents of external
origin, (i.e. MSDS, permits) that are necessary to the system, are
identified and their distribution controlled.
4.4.6
Operational
Control
No significant changes have been made to this clause. As in many
other instances, “implementing” has been added to “establishing and
maintaining procedures” to clarify actions required for conformance
with ISO 14001:2004.
4.4.7
Emergency
Preparedness and
Response
No significant changes have been made to this clause. The revised
standard clarifies one requirement by stating that in the actual event of
an emergency, the organization shall respond in such a way to prevent
or mitigate associated adverse environmental impacts.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 9 of 10
4.5.1
Monitoring and
Measurement
Clause 4.5.1 does not include any substantial additional
requirements. The requirement to ensure that calibrated monitoring
and measurement equipment is used and maintained has been
extended to include calibrated or “verified” monitoring and
measurement equipment.
4.5.2
Evaluation of
Compliance
This clause has been separated from 4.5.1 to become its own
clause and includes clarification and an addition to the ISO
14001:1996 standard. Included in 4.5.1 of ISO 14001:1996 was a
requirement for the organization to periodically evaluate compliance
with relevant environmental legislation and regulations. This
requirement has been renamed 4.5.2.1. In 4.5.2.2, ISO 14001:2004
includes evaluation of compliance with other requirements to which
it subscribes. This clarification also includes a requirement for
records of periodic evaluations of compliance to be kept.
4.5.3
Nonconformity,
Corrective Action and
Preventive Action
(was 4.5.2
Nonconformance and
Corrective and Preventive
Action)
The revision to this clause aligns the requirements for identifying
and correcting nonconformities with similar requirements in ISO
9001:2000. Clearer definitions are provided for actions needed to
prevent, investigate, identify, evaluate, review, and record
nonconformities, corrective actions, and preventive actions.
4.5.4
Control of Records
(was 4.5.3 Records)
Control of records has been simplified, reworded, and reformatted
to align its content with ISO 9001:2000. The revision notes that
records must demonstrate conformity to the EMS and of “results
achieved.” Results are understood to mean outcomes of audits,
corrective actions, operation control, programs to achieve
objectives, and monitoring.
4.5.5
Internal Audit
(was 4.5.4 Environmental
Management System
Audit)
There are two key additions to this clause. First, the revision adds
that the internal audit process must address the retention of
associated records. Second, the revision considers the selection of
auditors and states that the selected auditors shall ensure
objectivity and impartiality in the audit process. This statement is
important when choosing an internal auditor. The organization must
ensure that the auditor has freedom from bias or other influences
that could affect their objectivity.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 10 of 10
4.6
Management Review
Clause 4.6 in ISO 14001:2004 includes some important changes
that align it closer to ISO 9001:2000. The aim of the clause is the
same, but the revisions explain in greater detail how the
management review achieves continuing suitability, adequacy, and
effectiveness of the EMS. The revision includes specific inputs to
the management review process (not all of which are in ISO
14001:1996) including:
• Results of internal audits and evaluations of compliance with
legal and other requirements
• Communication from external interested parties including
complaints
• The environmental performance of the organization
• The extent to which objectives and targets have been met
• The status of preventive and corrective actions
• Follow-up actions from previous management reviews
• Changing circumstances including developments in legal and
other requirements
• Recommendations for improvement
Specific outputs of the management review include continual
improvement and decisions and actions for possible changes to:
• The environmental policy
• Objectives
• Targets
• Other elements of the system
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 1 of 10
REFERENCES
This document provides an overview of the changes from the ISO 14001:1996 version
of the International Standard to the ISO 14001:2004 version.
Table of Contents:
Document Comparison Chart .........................................................................................2
Summary of Changes.....................................................................................................3
Introduction .................................................................................................................4
- Scope......................................................................................................................4
- Terms and Definitions .............................................................................................5
- Environmental Management System Requirements ...............................................7
4.2 Environmental Policy .........................................................................................7
4.4.1 Resources, Roles, Responsibility and Authority .............................................7
4.6 Management Review.......................................................................................10
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 2 of 10
Document Comparison Chart
The following chart shows how the clause titles and numbers differ between ISO
14001:1996 and ISO 14001:2004.
ISO 14001:1996 ISO 14001:2004
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Definitions
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Environmental Policy
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental Aspects
4.3.2 Legal and Other Requirements
4.3.3 Objectives and Targets
4.3.4 Environmental Management
Programme(s)
4.4 Implementation and Operation
4.4.1 Structure and Responsibility
4.4.2 Training, Awareness and
Competence
4.4.3 Communication
4.4.4 Environmental Management
System Documentation
4.4.5 Document Control
4.4.6 Operational control
4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and
Response
4.5 Checking and Corrective Action
4.5.1 Monitoring and Measurement
4.5.2 Nonconformance and Corrective
and Preventive Action
4.5.3 Records
4.5.4 Environmental Management
System Audit
4.6 Management Review
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Environmental Policy
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental Aspects
4.3.2 Legal and Other Requirements
4.3.3 Objectives, Targets and
Programme(s)
4.4 Implementation and Operation
4.4.1 Resources, Roles,
Responsibility and Authority
4.4.2 Competence, Training and
Awareness
4.4.3 Communication
4.4.4 Documentation
4.4.5 Control of Documents
4.4.6 Operational Control
4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and
Response
4.5 Checking and Corrective Action
4.5.1 Monitoring and Measurement
4.5.2 Evaluation of Compliance
4.5.3 Nonconformity, Corrective
Action and Preventive Action
4.5.4 Control of Records
4.5.5 Internal Audit
4.6 Management Review
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 3 of 10
Summary of Changes
The 2004 edition of the ISO 14001 standard aims to clarify the 1996 edition and align it
more closely with the ISO 9001:2000 standard. Some clauses not modified for content
have been rewritten to align ISO 14001:2004 with the format, wording, and layout of ISO
9001:2000 and to enhance the compatibility between the two standards.
The ISO 14001:2004 requirements and clause numbers now more closely match
references in Annex A of the standard for ease of use. Additionally, Annex B identifies
similarities and associations between ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004.
In many cases, requirements that stated that an organization shall “establish and
maintain,” have now been changed to “establish, implement and maintain” throughout
the standard. Another change seen throughout the standard is the replacement of the
word “personnel” with “persons working for or on behalf of the organization.” This
distinction ensures external contractors are covered under certain clauses.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 4 of 10
Introduction
Two additional paragraphs in the introduction clarify the focus of the standard. The
additions and revisions to the introduction introduce the aim of the ISO 14001:2004
standard to enhance compatibility with ISO 9001:2000 and improve alignment between
clause references and supporting annexes.
The introduction also includes an explanation of the PDCA model used in ISO
9001:2000, additional text promoting the use of the process approach, and possible
alignment and integration with other management systems.
- Scope
version of the standard. They include options to demonstrate conformity by:
• Making a self-determination or self-declaration
• Seeking confirmation from parties who have an interest in the organization, for
instance, customers
• Seeking certification or registration of the EMS by an external organization,
(e.g. BSI)
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 5 of 10
- Terms and Definitions
the definitions in ISO 14001:1996 have also been revised to ensure they are more
consistent with terminology in ISO 9001:2000.
The following are new terms and definitions in ISO 14001:2004:
Clause Term ISO 14001:2004 Definition
3.1 Auditor Person with the competence to conduct an audit
3.3 Corrective Action Action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity
3.4 Document Information and its supporting medium
3.14 Internal Audit
Systematic, independent and documented process for
obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to
determine the extent to which the environmental
management system audit criteria set by the organization
are fulfilled
3.15 Nonconformity Non-fulfillment of a requirement
3.17 Preventive Action Action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity
3.19 Procedure Specified way to carry out an activity or a process
3.20 Record Document stating results achieved or providing evidence
of activities performed
The following are terms and definitions that have been modified in the new version of
ISO 14001:2004:
(New text included in ISO 14001:2004 is in Bold and Italic, and text from ISO
14001:1996 that has been removed has been crossed out)
Clause Term Definition
3.2 Continual
Improvement
Recurring process of enhancing the environmental
management system in order to achieve improvements in
overall environmental performance consistent in line with
the organization’s environmental policy.
3.7 Environmental
Impact
Any change to the environment, whether adverse or
beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization’s activities, products or services
environmental aspects.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 6 of 10
3.8
Environmental
Management
System (EMS)
The part of an organization’s management system that
includes organizational structure, planning activities,
responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and
resources for developing, implementing, achieving,
reviewing, and maintaining the environmental policy. used
to develop and implement its environmental policy
and manage its environmental aspects.
3.9 Environmental
Objective
Overall environmental goal, arising from the environmental
policy consistent with the environmental policy that an
organization sets itself to achieve, and which is quantified
where practicable.
3.10 Environmental
Performance
Measurable results of the environmental management
system, related to an organization’s control of its
environmental aspects, based on its environmental policy,
objectives and targets. of an organization’s
management of its environmental aspects.
3.11 Environmental
Policy
Statement by the organization of its intentions and
principles in relation to its overall environmental
performance which provides a framework for action and
for the setting of its environmental objectives and targets.
Overall intentions and direction of an organization
related to its environmental performance as formally
expressed by top management.
3.12 Environmental
Target
Detailed performance requirement, quantified where
practicable, applicable to the organization or parts thereof,
that arises from the environmental objectives and that
needs to be set and met in order to achieve those
objectives.
3.18 Prevention of
Pollution
Use of processes, practices, techniques, material,
products, services or energy to that avoid, reduce or
control pollution, which may include recycling, treatment,
process changes, control mechanisms, efficient use of
resources and material substitution. (separately or in
combination) the creation, emission or discharge of
any type of pollutant or waste, in order to reduce
adverse environmental impacts.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 7 of 10
- Environmental Management System Requirements
4.1
General
Requirements
The standard now includes a requirement for:
• Continual improvement to the EMS
• A defined and documented scope of the EMS
4.2
Environmental
Policy
The environmental policy now must be defined within the scope of the
EMS. The policy must also be communicated to all persons working
for -- or on behalf of -- the organization.
4.3.1
Environmental
Aspects
Aspects now must be identified within the defined scope of the EMS
and are required to be documented. The ISO 14001:2004 standard
also requires organizations to take aspects into account when
establishing, implementing, and maintaining their EMS.
4.3.2
Legal and Other
Requirements
Clause 4.3.2 now states that an organization must determine how legal
and other requirements apply to its aspects. The organization must
also take these requirements into account when establishing,
implementing, and maintaining its EMS.
4.3.3
Objectives,
Targets and
Programme(s)
Clause 4.3.3 of ISO 14001:2004 merges clause 4.3.3, “Objectives and
Targets,” and clause 4.3.4, “Environmental Management
Programme(s),” of ISO 14001:1996. Revisions include an additional
requirement that objectives and targets be measurable, consistent with
legal and other requirements, and committed to continual
improvement.
4.4.1
Resources, Roles,
Responsibility and
Authority
(was 4.4.1 Structure
and Responsibility)
In the 2004 revision, management is now tasked to “ensure the
availability” of resources instead of “provide resources” in the 1996
standard. The list of necessary resources has been expanded to
include organizational infrastructure. There is also a requirement that
the management representative provide top management with
recommendations for improvement to the EMS.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 8 of 10
4.4.2
Competence,
Training and
Awareness
(was 4.4.2 Training,
Awareness and
Competence)
ISO 14001:2004 states that in an organization, “any person(s)
performing tasks for it or on its behalf” must be identified by the
organization as competent if their activities have the potential to cause
a significant environmental impact. This has been changed from “all
personnel” to include contractors onsite and other persons not
employed by the organization who might perform an activity that could
cause a significant impact. A new requirement for records to be kept
regarding appropriate education, training, or experience was added to
clause 4.4.2.
4.4.3
Communication
An addition has been made to clause 4.4.3 to require a documented
decision about whether the organization will communicate externally
about its significant aspects. If the decision is to communicate, the
organization must introduce “method(s) --” instead of “processes” as
required by the 1996 standard -- for this communication.
4.4.4
Documentation
(was 4.4.4
Environmental
Management System
Documentation)
Clause 4.4.4 has not changed in intent, but has been updated to align
it more with ISO 9001:2000. ISO 14001:2004 requires documentation
to include:
• The environmental policy, objectives, and targets
• The scope of the EMS
• A description of the main elements of the EMS, their interaction,
and reference to related documents
• Documents, including records, required by ISO 14001:2004
• Documents, including records, determined as necessary by the
organization to its significant environmental aspects
4.4.5
Control of
Documents
(was 4.4.5 Document
Control)
Formatting changes help align clause 4.4.5 of ISO 14001:2004 with
ISO 9001:2000. An additional clarification has been made to define
records as a special type of document requiring control. A new
addition to the requirements aims to ensure documents of external
origin, (i.e. MSDS, permits) that are necessary to the system, are
identified and their distribution controlled.
4.4.6
Operational
Control
No significant changes have been made to this clause. As in many
other instances, “implementing” has been added to “establishing and
maintaining procedures” to clarify actions required for conformance
with ISO 14001:2004.
4.4.7
Emergency
Preparedness and
Response
No significant changes have been made to this clause. The revised
standard clarifies one requirement by stating that in the actual event of
an emergency, the organization shall respond in such a way to prevent
or mitigate associated adverse environmental impacts.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 9 of 10
4.5.1
Monitoring and
Measurement
Clause 4.5.1 does not include any substantial additional
requirements. The requirement to ensure that calibrated monitoring
and measurement equipment is used and maintained has been
extended to include calibrated or “verified” monitoring and
measurement equipment.
4.5.2
Evaluation of
Compliance
This clause has been separated from 4.5.1 to become its own
clause and includes clarification and an addition to the ISO
14001:1996 standard. Included in 4.5.1 of ISO 14001:1996 was a
requirement for the organization to periodically evaluate compliance
with relevant environmental legislation and regulations. This
requirement has been renamed 4.5.2.1. In 4.5.2.2, ISO 14001:2004
includes evaluation of compliance with other requirements to which
it subscribes. This clarification also includes a requirement for
records of periodic evaluations of compliance to be kept.
4.5.3
Nonconformity,
Corrective Action and
Preventive Action
(was 4.5.2
Nonconformance and
Corrective and Preventive
Action)
The revision to this clause aligns the requirements for identifying
and correcting nonconformities with similar requirements in ISO
9001:2000. Clearer definitions are provided for actions needed to
prevent, investigate, identify, evaluate, review, and record
nonconformities, corrective actions, and preventive actions.
4.5.4
Control of Records
(was 4.5.3 Records)
Control of records has been simplified, reworded, and reformatted
to align its content with ISO 9001:2000. The revision notes that
records must demonstrate conformity to the EMS and of “results
achieved.” Results are understood to mean outcomes of audits,
corrective actions, operation control, programs to achieve
objectives, and monitoring.
4.5.5
Internal Audit
(was 4.5.4 Environmental
Management System
Audit)
There are two key additions to this clause. First, the revision adds
that the internal audit process must address the retention of
associated records. Second, the revision considers the selection of
auditors and states that the selected auditors shall ensure
objectivity and impartiality in the audit process. This statement is
important when choosing an internal auditor. The organization must
ensure that the auditor has freedom from bias or other influences
that could affect their objectivity.
ISO 14001:1996 / 14001:2004 -Comparison
Course References Issue 1 11/15/04 © 2004 BSI Management Systems Inc. 10 of 10
4.6
Management Review
Clause 4.6 in ISO 14001:2004 includes some important changes
that align it closer to ISO 9001:2000. The aim of the clause is the
same, but the revisions explain in greater detail how the
management review achieves continuing suitability, adequacy, and
effectiveness of the EMS. The revision includes specific inputs to
the management review process (not all of which are in ISO
14001:1996) including:
• Results of internal audits and evaluations of compliance with
legal and other requirements
• Communication from external interested parties including
complaints
• The environmental performance of the organization
• The extent to which objectives and targets have been met
• The status of preventive and corrective actions
• Follow-up actions from previous management reviews
• Changing circumstances including developments in legal and
other requirements
• Recommendations for improvement
Specific outputs of the management review include continual
improvement and decisions and actions for possible changes to:
• The environmental policy
• Objectives
• Targets
• Other elements of the system
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在此先谢谢了！！！！