第八十五篇 Eight Problem Solving Traps

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翻译： Sol_Sun 校稿：ellen_1971

Eight Problem Solving Traps

八个问题解决的陷阱

Understand that effective problem solving often consumes more time
要明白有效的问题解决方法常常耗费更多的时间。


The process of problem solving can at first blush appear relatively simple: The difficulty is defined, facts and evidence are collected and analyzed, and a solution agreed upon. However, because imperfect people make decisions, the entire process is fraught with traps that can lead to serious errors in judgment.
乍一看，解决问题的过程看起来相当的简单：难的是问题的定义，事实和证据的收集分析，以及一个商定的解决方案。然而，因为不完美的人做决定，整个过程充满了陷阱，会导致严重的判断错误。


Problem solving should not be taken lightly: It is a step-by-step process that when properly sequenced and followed should produce solid results. Unskilled problem solvers will often misinterpret the issues, attempting to solve symptoms rather than root causes, and make the situation more confusing than it has to be.
解决问题不应掉以轻心：这是一个循序渐进的过程，按照正确的顺序并跟踪得到一致的结果。不熟练的问题解决者往往会误解了问题，试图解决症状而不是问题的根本原因，且使情况更加混乱。


It’s important for individuals to understand that effective problem solving often consumes more time than most people are willing to invest. Rather than go about it properly, many just want to react and deal with the problem quickly. However, the time invested to thoroughly investigate and solve a problem more often than not produces a more successful solution—and happier employees and customers.
重要的是人们要明白，与大多数人愿意的投入相比，有效解决问题将消耗更多的时间。相比于正确地处理问题，很多人只是想快速的反应和处理问题。然而，投入时间去仔细调查分析并且解决一个问题，多半会生成一个更成功的解决方案，且使得的员工和客户更满意。


Individuals can easily fall into a number of common problem solving traps. The resulting consequences are often faulty decisions based on poorly framed questions, inadequate analysis, and a host of other factors. Rather than solve anything, these traps often complicate the problem, making it more difficult to resolve.
人们很容易陷进去一些常见的问题解决陷阱。由于没有很好的界定问题，分析不充分,和许多其他因素，随之而来的后果是做了错误的决定。这些陷阱经常使问题进一步复杂化，使它更加难以解决，而不是解决任何问题。


“Plunging in.” In this case, individuals begin to gather facts, data, and information and form conclusions without thoroughly exploring the problem. They are in a reactive mode and desire to quickly dismiss the problem, which leads to faulty decisions based upon unsubstantiated assumptions. Such hastiness can worsen the situation and make the solution more elusive.
“贸然做结论”。在这种情况下，个人开始收集事实、数据、信息，并且没有彻底调查问题就形成结论。他们处于一种希望迅速摒除问题的反应模式，这会导致基于未经证实的假设而做出错误的决策。这种轻率会使情况恶化，使解决方案更难以捉摸。


Wrong problem. Individuals set out to resolve the wrong problem because they have established a mental framework for their decision with little or no forethought. They incorrectly frame the problem or use the wrong boundaries and reference points, causing them to overlook the best options or to lose focus on the issue.
“错误的问题”。人们着手解决错误的问题，因为他们已经建立了决策的心理框架，很少或不做事先的预测。他们错误地界定问题或使用错误的边界和参考点,使他们忽视了最好的选项或失去对问题的关注。


Lack of definition. Individuals fail to consciously define the problem in more than one way. In other instances, their definition is biased or unduly influenced by others. Problems must be viewed and framed from a variety of perspectives to adequately define and resolve the problem. When definitions are limited, so are the available solutions.
“缺乏定义”。人们没有有意识的从不同角度定义问题。在其他情况下,他们的定义是片面的或过度受其他问题的影响。问题必须从不同的角度来考虑和界定，充分定义和解决问题。当定义本身就带有局限时，适用的解决方案就可想而知了。


Overconfident. Individuals are too sure of their assumptions and opinions and they become overconfident, failing to collect key facts, data, and information. They trust their intuition and the most readily available information or convenient facts without taking the time to fully investigate the problem.
“过于自信”。人们太确定他们的假设和印象，他们变得过于自信，未能去收集关键事实、数据和信息。他们相信他们的直觉和最容易获得的信息或方便的事实没有花时间去全面调查问题。


Lack of adequate analysis. Rather than taking a systematic approach to problem solving, many individuals instead believe they can keep the facts straight in their heads. Consequently, they believe they are making intuitive judgments based upon the information available and don’t engage in careful analysis. Here, one often overlooks key evidence that can impact the ultimate solution.
“缺乏足够分析”。许多人相信他们的头脑能澄清是非，而不用一个系统化的方法来解决问题。因此，他们相信不要进行仔细分析，只要基于可用的信息的直观判断，这时,人们经常忽略了会影响最终的解决方案的关键证据。


Groups that fail to use good problem solving skills and processes can also fail to make sound decisions, or they fall into a group-think mode where everyone agrees with one another without using critical thinking skills.
未能使用正确的解决问题的技巧和过程的组织也会不能做出正确的决策，或者他们落入一个集体思维模式—每个人都互相同意，而没有使用批判性思维技能。


Faulty interpretation. There are instances when people refuse to properly interpret the results of their analysis because it runs counter to their beliefs or does not fit their own set of assumptions. In other cases, pride gets in the way of arriving at an appropriate decision.
“错误的解释”。存在这样的情况：人们拒绝正确地解释他们的分析结果，因为它违背他们的信仰或不符合自己的假设。在其他情况下，自尊心妨碍做出适当的决定。


Failure to keep track. Many individuals assume they will automatically remember their past experiences. Research has demonstrated that when individuals maintain systematic records that they periodically review, they can distill valuable lessons that could be applied to later situations.
“没有保持追溯”。许多人认为他们会自动记住过去的经历。研究表明，当人们保持他们定期审查的系统记录，他们可以吸取有价值的经验教训来用于之后的情况。


Failure to have a formal process. People who fail to develop a formal problem solving process that they can use fairly and consistently will often repeatedly fall into the problem solving traps detailed in this lesson.
“没有一个正式的程序”。人们未能开发一个正式的、能够适当地一贯地解决问题的程序，从而常常反复落入在本文中细致讲述的问题解决陷阱。


This article is an excerpt from Problem Solving in the Pinpoint Skill Development Training Series.

本文摘自“Problem Solving in the Pinpoint Skill Development Training Series”。



ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Timothy F. Bednarz
Timothy F. Bednarz, Ph.D., is an accomplished author, researcher, consultant, entrepreneur, and innovator. He has founded three successful companies and has more than 26 years consulting experience in business development. As a critical thinker and transformational agent of change, he has the ability to view complex issues, identifying specific causes to develop meaningful solutions in simple terms. He has authored more than 125 books as well as a wide variety of high quality learning content. His latest book is Great! What Makes Leaders Great (Majorium Business Press, 2012) . He is the author of more than 85 books in the Pinpoint Skill Development Training Series.

作者简介

Timothy F. Bednarz
Timothy F. Bednarz博士，是一个多才多艺的作家、研究人员、顾问、企业家和创新者。他已成立三个成功的公司，有超过26年的在商业开发方面的咨询经验。作为一个重要的思想家和变革促成者，简单来说，他有能力来审视复杂的问题，确定对发展有意义的解决方案的具体原因。他还撰写过超过125本书籍以及各种全面的高质量的学习内容。Great! What Makes Leaders Great (Majorium Business Press, 2012)。他是在“the Pinpoint Skill Development Training”方面有着超过85书籍的作者。