让我哭笑不得的 内审 NC

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4.4.6 Operational control
OHSAS 18001 text The organization shall determine those operations and activities that are associated with the identified hazard(s) where the mplementation of controls is necessary to manage the OH&S risk(s). This shall include the management of change (see 4.3.1). For those operations and activities, the organization shall implement and maintain: a)operational controls, as applicable to the organization and its activities; the organization shall integrate those operational controls into its overall OH&S management system;
b) controls related to purchased goods, equipment and services; c) controls related to contractors and other visitors to the workplace;
d) documented procedures, to cover situations where their absence could lead to deviations from the OH&S policy and the objectives; e) stipulated operating criteria where their absence could lead to deviations from the OH&S policy and objectives.

4.4.6.1 General
Once it has gained an understanding of its OH&S hazards (4.3.1), he organization should implement the operational controls that are necessary to manage the associated risks and comply with applicable OH&S legal and other requirements. The overall objective of OH&S operational controls is to manage the OH&S risks to fulfil the OH&S policy.
Information to be considered when establishing and implementing operational controls includes:
—— OH&S policy and objectives,
—— results of hazard identification, risk assessment, evaluation of existing controls and determination of new controls (see 4.3.1),
—— management of change processes (see 4.3.1.5),
—— internal specifications (e.g. for materials, equipment, facilities layout),
—— information on existing operating procedures,
—— legal and other requirements to which the organization subscribes (see 4.3.2),
—— product supply chain controls related to purchased goods, equipment and services,
—— feedback from participation and consultation (see 4.4.3),
—— the nature of, and extent to which, tasks are to be performed by contractors and other external personnel,
—— access to the workplace by visitors, delivery personnel, service contractors, etc.

When developing operational controls, priority should be given to control options with higher reliability in preventing injury or ill health, consistent with the hierarchy of controls, i.e. this should start with redesign of equipment or processes to eliminate or reduce hazard(s), improved signage/warnings for hazard avoidance, improved administrative procedures and training to reduce the frequency and duration of the exposure of persons to inadequately controlled hazards, and lastly the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce the severity of injury or exposure (see 4.3.1.6).
The operational controls need to be implemented, evaluated on an ongoing basis (4.3.1.8) to verify their effectiveness, and integrated into the overall OH&S management system.

4.4.6.2 Establishing and implementing operational controls
Operational controls should be established and implemented as necessary to manage the OH&S risks to an acceptable level, for operational areas and activities, e.g. purchasing, research and development, sales, services, offices, off-site work, home based working, manufacturing, transportation and maintenance. Operational controls can use a variety of different methods, e.g. physical devices (such as barriers, access controls), procedures, work instructions, pictograms, alarms and signage.

4.4.6 运行控制
组织应确定与所识别的、需采取控制措施的危险源的相关的运行与活动，以管理OH&S风险。这应包括对变更管理。对这些运行与活动，组织应实施和保持： a) 适合于组织及其活动的运行控制；组织应将这些运行控制纳入其总体的OH&S管理体系； b) 对采购的物品、设备和服务的控制； c) 对合同方和工作场所内其他访问者的控制； d) 对因缺少形成文件的程序可能导致偏离OH&S方针和目标的运行情況时，形成文件的程序； e) 对因缺少运行准则可能导致偏离OH&S方针和目标时，规定运行准则。
4.4.6.2 一般要求
组织一旦获得及了解其职业健康安全危害时（参见4.3.1节），须实施及维持为管理职业健康安全风险与符合适用法规及其它要求事项所需的作业管制。职业健康安全作业管制的整体目标是要管理职业健康安全风险，以符合职业健康安全政策的要求。
在建立及实施作业管制时，须考虑的事项包括：
— 职业健康安全政策与目标；
— 危害鉴别、风险评估、现有控制措施评估及决定新控制措施的结果（参见4.3.1节）；
— 变更管理程序（参见4.3.1.5节）；
— 内部规格（例如物质、设备及设施配置）；
— 现有操作程序的信息；
— 法规及组织签署的其它要求事项（参见4.3.2节）；
— 与采购货物、设备及服务有关的产品供应链之控制；
— 来自参与及咨询的回馈（参见4.4.3节）；
— 承揽商与其它外部人员所执行工作的性质及范围；
— 访客、运输人员、供货商等进入工作场所的管制。
在建立作业管制时，须优先考虑能有效预防伤害或不健康的管制措施，例如，重新设计设备及制程以消除或降低危害；改善标示/警告以避免危害；以及改善管理程序及教育训练，降低人员暴露于因不当控制而引起危害的频率及时间；最后才考虑使用个人防护具降低伤害及暴露的严重度（参见4.3.1.6节）。
作业管制程序必须持续的实施及评估（参见4.3.1.8节），以确认其有效性，并与整个职业健康安全管理系统整合。

4.4.6.3 建立和实施作业管制
为将职业健康安全风险管理至可接受的程度，对于运作的区域及活动须建立及实施相关的作业管制，例如采购、研发、销售、服务、办公、厂外工作、在家工作、制造、运输及维修。作业管制可采不同的形式，例如实体管制（例如护栏、进出管制）、程序、工作指导书、图表、警告及标示牌。