EMS 技术专家的试卷，谁能帮帮我，每题都有编号的
A环境术语（单选题）Environmental terminology( Single Choice)
A1 水污染 water pollution
A.水体因某种物质的介入，而导致其化学、物理、生物或者放射性等方面特性的改变，从而
影响水的有效利用，危害人体健康或者破坏生态环境，造成水质恶化的现象。
A. Due to the intervention of a substance, the water has changed in the chemical, physical, biological or radioactive properties, thus affect the efficient use of water, endanger human health or harm the environment, causing water quality deterioration.
B.水体因某种物质的介入，而导致其化学、物理等方面特性的改变，从而影响水的有效利用，危害人体健康或者破坏生态环境，造成水质恶化的现象。
B. Due to the intervention of a substance, the water has changed in the chemical, physical, biological or radioactive properties, thus affect the efficient use of water, endanger human health or harm the environment, causing water quality deterioration.
A2 污水 wastewater
A.在生产活动中排放的水的总称。
A The generic name that the water is discharged from production activities
B.在生活活动中排放的水的总称。
B. The generic name that the water is discharged from activities of daily life
C.在生产与生活活动中排放的水的总称。
C. The generic name that the water is discharged from production activities and activities of daily life
A3 污泥 sludge
A.在污水处理过程中产生的半固态或固态物质，不包括栅渣、浮渣和沉砂。
A. Semi-solid state or solid matter generated in the process of sewage treatment, not including sediment, scum and sand setting
B.在污水处理过程中产生的半固态或固态物质，包括栅渣、浮渣和沉砂。
B. Semi-solid state or solid matter generated in the process of sewage treatment, including sediment, scum and sand setting
B固废污染控制control of solid waste pollution：
B1 固体废物 solid waste
A.在生产、生活和其他活动中产生的固态、半固态和置于容器中的气态的物品、物质以及法律、行政法规规定纳入固体废物管理的物品、物质。
A.Solid waste is the solid state, semi-solid state wastes or gaseous waste in containers which come from the production activities, daily life and other activities, as well as legal and administrative provisions as solid waste.
B.在生产、生活和其他活动中产生的丧失原有利用价值或者虽未丧失利用价值但被抛弃或者
放弃的固态、半固态和置于容器中的气态的物品、物质以及法律、行政法规规定纳入固体废物
管理的物品、物质。
B.Solid waste is the solid state, semi-solid state wastes or gaseous waste in containers which come from the production activities, daily life and other activities losing their use value or not losing of value but abandoned, as well as legal and administrative provisions as solid waste.
B2 生活垃圾 municipal solid waste, MSW
A.在日常生活中或为日常生活提供服务的活动中产生的固体废物以及法律、行政法规规定视为生活垃圾的固体废物。
A.The solid waste which comes from everyday life or activeswhich provide services for city daily life , as well as legal and administrativeprovisions as city living garbage.
B.在日常生活中或生产活动中产生的固体废物以及法律、行政法规规定视为生活垃圾的固体废物。
B.The solid waste which comes from everyday life or production activities, as well as legal and administrative provisions as city living garbage.
B3 危险废物 hazardous waste
A.列入国家危险废物名录或者根据国家规定的危险废物鉴别标准和鉴别方法认定的具有危
险特性的废物。
A.The waste that has been listed in toxic waste manual of our country, or has been defined in the Identification standards for hazardous wastes and identification method in accordance with the state provisions.
B.列入国家危险废物名录或者根据国际规定的危险废物鉴别标准和鉴别方法认定的具有危
险特性的废物。
B.The waste that has been listed in toxic waste manual of our country, or has been defined in the Identification standards for hazardous wastes and identification method in accordance with international requirements
C大气污染控制Control of Air pollution
C1 大气污染 air pollution
A.大气中污染物质的浓度达到有害程度，以致损害或破坏生态系统和人类正常生存和发展的
条件，对人类和生物造成危害的现象。
A.The air pollutant’s consistency has been reached the harmful levels, causing the damage or destruction of the ecological system and the condition of human survival and development normally. there is the damage done to living beings or humans from it
B.大气中污染物质的浓度和速率达到有害程度，以致损害或破坏生态系统和人类正常生存和发展的条件，对人类和生物造成危害的现象。
B.The air pollutant’s consistency and speed have been reached the harmful levels, causing the damage or destruction of the ecological system and the condition of human survival and development normally. there is the damage done to living beings or humans from it
C2 除尘 de-dusting; dust removal;
A.从气体中将颗粒物分离出来并加以捕集、回收的过程。
A.the de-dusting is the process of separating the particulate matters from the air and then gathering and recycling them
B.从气体中将杂质分离出来并加以捕集、回收的过程。
B.the de-dusting is the process of separating the impurities from the air and then gathering and recycling them
C3 气态污染物控制control of gaseous pollutants
A.通过物理、化学、物理化学以及生物等方法去除气体中有毒有害气体的过程。
A.Control of gaseous pollutants is the process of removal of toxic and harmful gases by the physical, chemical and biological, physicochemical methods
B.通过物理、化学、物理化学以及生物等方法去除气体中有害气体的过程。
B.Control of gaseous pollutants is the process of removal of harmful gases by the physical, chemical and biological, physicochemical methods
D噪声污染控制Control of noise pollution
D1 环境噪声污染 noise pollution
A.所产生的环境噪声超过国家规定的环境噪声排放标准的现象。
A.The environmental noise is kept out of the limits of environmental noise emission set by the State.
B.所产生的环境噪声超过国家规定的环境噪声排放标准，并干扰他人正常生活、工作和学习
的现象。
B.The environmental noise is kept out of the limits of environmental noise emission set by the State. and disturb the normal work, life and study of others.
D2 噪声控制 noise control
A.为保护人类正常生活、工作和学习，降低声源的噪声辐射，控制噪声的传播和接收所采取
的工程技术措施。
A.The corresponding technical measures that have taken to protect human normal study, work, life, reduce noise radiation of sound source, control the noises transition
B.为保护人类正常生活、工作和学习，降低声源的噪声辐射，控制噪声所采取的工程技术措施。
B.The corresponding technical measures that have taken to protect human normal study, work, life, reduce noise radiation of sound source, control the noises
E电磁辐射污染控制Control of electromagnetic radiation
E1 电磁辐射 electromagnetic radiation
A.使能量以电磁波形式由源发射到空间的现象，或能量以电磁波形式在空间传播。
A.Enable the energy by source to emit into space in the form of electromagnetic waves, or enable the energy to spread in the form of electromagnetic waves
B.使能量以电器电源形式由源发射到空间的现象，或能量以电磁波形式在空间传播。
B.Enable the energy by source to emit into space in the form of electrical power, or enable the energy to spread in the form of electromagnetic waves
E2 电磁辐射污染 electromagnetic radiation pollution
A.人类使用产生电磁辐射的设备而泄露的电磁能量流对环境的污染。
A.The pollution on environment which come from energy flow of electromagnetism leaked from electromagnetic radiation equipment used by human beings
B.人类使用电子电器设备而泄露的电磁能量流对环境的污染。
B.The pollution on environment which come from energy flow of electromagnetism leaked from electronics & electrical appliances used by human beings
E3 屏蔽 shield
A.采取一切可能的措施将电磁辐射的作用与影响限定的方法。
A.The method to take the all measures available to prescribe a limit to effect and impact of electromagnetic radiation
B.采取一切可能的措施将电磁辐射的作用与影响限定在一个特定区域内的方法。
B.The method to take the all measures available to limit the effect and impact of electromagnetic radiation into specific area
2 环境计量（多选题）Environmental measurement(multiple choice)
A. “十二五”国家总量控制指标为二氧化硫(SO2)、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH3-N)和氮氧化物(NOX)
酸雨控制区和SO2控制区；淮河、海河、辽河流域；太湖、滇池、巢湖流域。
A.the 12th Five-Year Plan the total quantity control is SO2, COD, NH3-N, NOX, acid rain control regions, SO2 control regions, Huai River basin, Haihe River Basin , Liaohe River Basin, Lake Taihu, the Dian Lake and chaohu lake basin
B.物料平衡法的计算公式是：物料平衡值=（产出量+废品量+取样量+废料量）/ 理论值×100%。
B.computational formula of material balance is that: material balance index=( total production volume + the quantity of waste product+ Sample Volume+ scrap material)/ theoretical value×100%
C.物料平衡的实际值包括本工序产出产品量、收集的不可再用的废品量、收集的可再利用的回收品量、取样量、剩余量（指包装材料）。
C.The actual value of material balance includes the quantity of output products, the quantity of non-recyclable wastes, the quantity of recyclable wastes, sample volume, surplus（packaging materials）
3环境因素及环境技术领域适用的环境监视和测量技术（多选题）
Environmental monitoring and measuring technology applicable to environmental aspects and environmental technical area（multiple choice）
A.清洁生产的工作重点包括采用经济合理的综合利用工艺和技术，制订科学的资源消耗定额。
A.Cleaner production focuses on the comprehensive utilization technology at a reasonable cost, make out formulate scientific resource consumption quota.
B.固废无害化处理包括：垃圾焚烧、卫生填埋、堆肥、有害废物的热处理和解毒处理等。
B.Solid waste non-hazardous treatment includes waste incineration, sanitary landfill, manure mixture for fertilizing, the heat treatment and antidote treatment for hazardous wastes
C.《HJ/T91-2002 地表水和污水监测技术规范》规定造纸和纸制品企业的污水监测必须要测酸度（或碱度）、COD、BOD5、可吸附有、机卤化物（AOX）、pH、挥发酚、悬浮物、色度、硫化物。
C.HJ/T91-2002 technical specification for monitoring of surface water and sewage addresses the monitoring of sewage discharged from the paper making and printing enterprises shall inspect following items： acidity（basicity）, COD, BOD5, AOX, PH, Volatile Penol, suspended solids, color and sulfide
D.大气固定污染源排气中测定二氧化硫的方法可使用碘量法，测定氮氧化物可使用紫外光分光度法。
D.As for the stationary pollution source，it can use the iodometric method to test sulfur dioxide, use the ultraviolet spectral photometer to test nitric oxide
E.《GB 12348-2008 工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》规定的采样点选在工业企业厂界处1米、高度1.2米以上、距任一放射面距离不小于1m的位置。
E.GB 12348-2008 industrial boundary enterprises discharge standards define the sampling site where 1M of enterprise boundary, height 1.2M above, no less than 1M to any emitting surface
4识别和评价环境因素、环境影响及其环境重要性的技术（多选题）
The technology of identifying and evaluating environmental aspects, environmental impact and importance of the environment. （multiple choice）
A.环境因素、环境影响及其环境重要性的识别和评价方法技术包括：物料衡算、产品生命周期、问卷调查、专家咨询、现场观察（查看和面谈）、头脑风暴、查阅文件和记录、测量、水平对比、纵向对比等方法技术。
A.The methods to identifying and evaluating environmental aspects and environmental impacts and the importance of environment include: material balance，product life cycle, questionnaire survey, expert consultation, on-site inspection, brainstorming，documents and records checking, measurement, horizontal and vertical comparison
B.环境因素水平对比法是指内部、同行业或其他行业去做比较；纵向对比法是指组织的现在和过去做比较。
B.Horizontal comparison of environmental aspects refers to the comparison of internal, same industry or other industry, vertical comparison refers to the comparison of the past with the present.
C.企业的环境因素调查表，至少内容要包括：工作内容、环境因素、排放去向、频率、环境影响、 时态、状态等信息。
C.Environmental factors questionnaire shall include at least: job content- environmental factor, whereabouts, frequency, environmental impact, tense, status, responsible department
5设计中的环境因素（多选题）
Integrating environmental aspects into design and development（multiple choice）
A.设计的环境因素包括产品生产过程对原材料和循环材料、组件、能源、水以及其他资源的使用，也包括输出相关因素（废弃物和排放物），及来自产品的配送、使用和最终处置中的因素。
A.integrating environmental aspects into design and development includes the use of raw materials, recycled materials, modules, energy, water and other resources in the process of production, and also include the output of relevant factors (wastes and emission), and the factors from the products distribution, use and final disposal.
B.设计的环境因素包括产品生产过程中对原材料和循环材料、组件、能源、水以及其他资源的使用，也包括输出相关因素（废弃物和排放物），但是不包括产品的配送、使用和最终处置中的因素。
B.integrating environmental aspects into design and development includes the use of raw materials, recycled materials, modules, energy, water and other resources in the process of production, and also include the output of relevant factors (wastes and emission), but except factors from the products distribution, use and final disposal.
C.国际标准ISO/TR 14062 提供了有关生态化设计的信息。
C.International standard ISO/TR 14062 provide the information of ecological design
6环境绩效评价（多选题）
environmental performance evaluation（multiple choice）
A.进行环境绩效评估时，最重要的课题即选择适当的环境绩效指标。
A.As for the environmental performance evaluation, most important subject is that select appropriate Environmental Performance Indicators
B.环境指标基本分为环境状态指标（Environmental Condition Indicators，ECIs）和环境绩效指标（Environmental Performance Indicators, EPIs），而EPI又可分为管理绩效指标（Management Performance Indicators, MPIs）及作业绩效指标（Operation Performance Indicators, OPIs）。
B.Based on evaluation object and scope size, environmental index can be divided into Environmental Condition Indicators，ECIs and Environmental Performance Indicators, EPIs also can be divided into（Management Performance Indicators, MPIs）,（Operation Performance Indicators, OPIs）
C. “每年产生有害、可回收、可再利用废弃物量”是属于环境作业绩效指标的内容。
C.The amount of harmful, recyclable, reusable wastes generated each year is the content of environmental management performance indicators
D. “原物料取得来源是否将环保列入评估项目”是属于环境管理绩效指标的内容。
D. “Whether raw materials source include the environmental protection into the evaluation item” is the content of environmental management performance indicators
E. “单位产量二氧化碳排放量”是属于环境状态绩效指标的内容。
E.carbon dioxide emissions per unit output is the content of environmental management performance indicators
F.国际标准ISO14031提供了关于环境绩效评价的信息。
F.International standard ISO14031 provides the information for environmental performance evaluation
7法律法规和其他要求（多选题）
law regulations and requirements（multiple choice）
A. “法律法规”包括环境质量标准、污染物排放标准、环境基础标准、环境方法标准、环境标样标准。
A.law regulations and requirements include environmental quality standards, pollutant discharge standard, basic environmental standards, environmental methods standards, environmental sample standards
B. “其他要求”可以包括组织自愿性的、国家的、国际的及行业特定的环境协议。
B.Other requirements may include the voluntary national, international and sector-specific environmental report agreement
C.国家大气污染物综合排放标准是《GB16297-1996大气污染物综合排放标准》。
C.The Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants is GB16297-1996 The Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants
D.国家污水污染物综合排放标准是《GB8978-1996污水综合排放标准》。
D.Integrated Emission Standard of sewage Pollutants is GB8978-1996 integrated wastewater discharge standard
E.国家噪声排放标准是《GB12348-2001工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》。
E.noise pollution emission standard is GB12348-2001 enterprise boundry noise pollution emission standard
F.上海市地方污水综合排放标准《DB31/199—2009污水综合排放标准》。
F.Shanghai integrated wastewater discharge standard is DB31/199—2009 integrated wastewater discharge standard
G.工业废弃物最基本执行的控制标准是《GB18599-2001一般工业固体废物贮存处置场污染控制标准》
G.industrial waste executes the control standard is that GB18599-2001 standard for control of pollutions from industrial solid waste storage repositories
8应急准备和响应（多选题）
Emergency preparedness and response（multiple choice）
A.应急准备工作包括：软件准备（管理制度、应急预案、信息体系、应急培训、应急演练）和硬件准备（事故池、备用设备、防护设施、消防设施、监测设备）。
A.Emergency preparedness includes: software preparation(management control system, emergency plan, information system, emergency training, emergency exercise), hardware preparation(accident pool, standby equipment, protective facilities, fire control facilities and monitoring equipment)
B.应急响应工作包括：紧急联络、响应措施、人员救护、居民疏散、监测等。
B.Emergency preparedness includes: emergency contact, response measures, personnel and rescue and evacuation, monitoring
C.事后评价工作包括：原因分析、采取纠正措施、应急预案评审及修改等。
C.Ex-post evaluation includes: analysis of root cause, corrective action necessary, review and modification of contingency plan
9运行控制（多选题）Operational control
A.环境运行控制应重点考虑组织的重要环境因素、适用的法律法规要求相一致。
A.Environmental operational control shall focus on the consistence of organization’s important environmental aspects and applicable laws and regulations
B.环境运行控制应包括组织自身可控范围并可包括利用合同方来实现目标和指标。
B.Environmental operational control shall include the scope under control by the organization itself and can use the contractor to reach the targets and indicators
C.环境运行控制不可以包括利用合同方来实现目标和指标。
C.Environmental operational control can not use the contractor to reach the targets and indicators
D.环境运行控制可包括利用组织自身的能力来实现目标和指标。
D.Environmental operational control can use the capacity of its own organization to reach the targets and indicators
10与场所有关的因素the factors related with the locations
10.1高污染重污染行业知识(多选题) Knowledge of high-polluting industries（multiple choice）
A.高污染行业包括：焦炭和石油（IAF CODE 10）、 重有色金属冶炼业（IAF CODE 17）、铅蓄电池制造业（IAF CODE 19）、皮革及其制品业（IAF CODE 05）、化学原料及化学制品（IAF CODE 12）。
A.The sectors which will generate and discharge heavy metal pollutants include: coke and petroleum products(IAF CODE 10), heavy non-ferrous metal smelting(IAF CODE 17), lead storage battery(IAF CODE19), leather and products(IAF CODE 05), chemical raw material and chemical products（IAF CODE 12）
B.焦炭和石油（IAF CODE 10）、 重有色金属冶炼业（IAF CODE 17）、铅蓄电池制造业（IAF CODE 19）、皮革及其制品业（IAF CODE 05）、化学原料及化学制品（IAF CODE 12）等行业均需取得环评批准及验收并取得环境排污许可证明后方可经营。
B.The following sectors such as coke and refined petroleum products(IAF CODE 10), heavy non-ferrous metal smelting(IAF CODE 17), lead storage battery(IAF CODE19), leather and products(IAF CODE 05), printing(IAF CODE 09), metal surface treatment（IAF CODE 17）, chemical raw material and chemical products（IAF CODE 12）shall not operate those business before obtaining environmental-impact assessment approval and environmental acceptance, pollutant discharging license
C.焦炭和石油（IAF CODE 10）、 重有色金属冶炼业（IAF CODE 17）、铅蓄电池制造业（IAF CODE 19）、皮革及其制品业（IAF CODE 05）、化学原料及化学制品（IAF CODE 12）等行业的环境保护和三废排放设施应能正常运行。
C.environmental protection and 3 Wastes facilities for the following sectors such as coke and refined petroleum products(IAF CODE 10), heavy non-ferrous metal smelting(IAF CODE 17), manufacture of lead storage battery(IAF CODE19), leather and products(IAF CODE 05), printing(IAF CODE 09), metal surface treatment（IAF CODE 17）, chemical raw material and chemical products（IAF CODE 12）shall be ensure their smooth operations
10.2环境敏感区域知识（多选题）The knowledge of environmental sensitive areas（multiple choice）
A.环境敏感区包括：自然保护区、风景名胜区、世界文化和自然遗产地、饮用水水源保护区。
A.Environmental sensitive areas include: nature protection area, scenic spot, world cultural heritage sites and world natural heritages sites, drinking water source protection area
B.环境敏感区包括：基本农田保护区、基本草原、森林公园、地质公园、重要湿地、天然林、珍稀濒危野生动植物天然集中分布区、重要水生生物的自然产卵场及索饵场、越冬场和洄游通道、天然渔场、资源性缺水地区、水土流失重点防治区、沙化土地封禁保护区、封闭及半封闭海域、富营养化水域。
B.Environmental sensitive areas include: basic farmland preservation area, prime grassland, forest park, geological park, important wetland sites, natural forest, natural concentrated distribution area for rare and endangered species, natural spawing site and feeding ground for aquatic organism, wintering ground and migration channel, natural fishing ground, the area where lack of water resources, regionalization of soil erosion, desertification of land reserve, closed and semi-closed sea area, eutrophication water area
C.环境敏感区包括：以居住、医疗卫生、文化教育、科研、行政办公等为主要功能的区域，文物保护单位，具有特殊历史、文化、科学、民族意义的保护地。
C.Environmental sensitive areas include: major areas of functionality for living, health, culture, education, scientific research and administrative office, culture relic protection site, protected areas where have special history, culture, science, national significance
B环境因素有关知识（本B部分题分七大题，17个小题，每小题5分，总分85分；每大题下的小题均为多选题）
The knowledge of environmental aspects(Part B：Within each topic there are 17 questions, 5 points each, 85 points in total ,(multiple choice)
1向大气的排放Emissions into the atmosphere
1.1气体和颗粒物(gas and particulate matter)
A.挥发性物质由储罐的阀轴和通风孔处的挥发属于逃逸性排放，是无序排放。
A.volatile substance is volatilized through valve shaft of storage tank and ventilation hole, which is fugitive emission, belong to emissions in disorder
B.排气筒或烟囱的排放属于点源排放，是有组织排放。
B.The emission from exhaust funnel and chimney belong to the point source discharge, which is the controlled emission
C.污水处理池中甲烷的排放属于面源排放，是无组织排放。
C.Methane emission that come from activated sludge tank is the surface source discharge, which is the inorganization emission
1.2运行控制 operational control
A.过滤技术主要包括家用除尘袋、通风过滤、空调过滤、真空吸尘器、滤袋。
A.filtration technology mainly include the household dust settling pocket, ventilation or filtration, air-condition filtration, vacuum cleaner, filter-bag
B.布袋除尘器运行中主要控制烟气通过滤料的速度，一般取过滤速度是0．5—2m／min。
B.bag-type dust collector under operation mainly shall be controlled speed of filtration, the speed is 0.5-2m/min
C.催化湿式氧化技术（Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation，简称CWAO）：是在一定的温度、压力和催化剂作用下，经氧化使污水中的有机物及氨分别氧化分解成CO2 、H2O及N2等无害物质。
C.Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation: under certain temperature and pressure and catalyst, when in the oxygenolysis ,organic matter and ammonia in sewage can produce the innocuous substance such as CO2, H2O and N2
1.3监视和测量monitoring and measurement
A.污染源的监测布置原则是在污染比较集中，主导风向比较明显的情况下将污染源的下风向作为主要监测范围。
A.layout principle for the monitoring of source of pollution is that if the pollution is concentrated, dominant wind direction is more noticeable, take the downwind direction of source of pollutions as the range of monitoring
B.空气监测的项目主要包括二氧化硫、一氧化氮、碳氢化合物、浮尘。
B.The items for air monitoring mainly includes sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, carbureted hydrogen, dust
C.常用的大气监测采样方法包括：直接采样法、塑料袋采样、采气管采样、真空瓶采样。
C.The common methods for sampling of air monitoring: direct sampling method, sampling by the plastic bags, sampling by sample gas tubes, sampling by vacuum flask
D.监测大气的主要仪器是激光粉尘测试仪，该仪器可以直接可粉尘质量浓度（mg/m）。
D.The instrument used for the air monitoring is laser dust tester that can test directly the dust mass concentration(mg/m)
2向土地的排放 emission to land
2.1固体或液体的排放 the discharge of solid waste or liquid
A.向土地排放固体或液体排放通常采用物理法（如淤泥收集器、压力水管）、自然法（如堆肥）或化学处理法（一、二、三级）以及生物修复（植物的、厌氧的）等加以控制。
A.The discharge of solid waste or liquid to land can be controlled by physical method(silt trap, pressure water pipe)，natural method(manure mixture for fertilizing), or chemical treatment method( level I, II and III) and bioremediation(by plant or anaerobes)
B.土壤中铬、镍的无机污染物主要来自于冶炼、电镀、制革、印染等工业产生。
B.inorganic pollutants such as chromium and nickel containing in the soil are from smelting, electroplating, tanning, dyeing and printing industries
C.土壤中锌的无机污染物主要来自于冶炼、镀锌、人造纤维、纺织工业、含锌农药、磷肥。
C.inorganic pollutants such as zinc containing in the soil are from smelting, galvanizing, artificial fiber, textile industries, zinc fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer
D.土壤中酚类的有机污染物来主要自于炼焦、炼油、石油化工、化肥、农药等工业。
D.organic pollutants such as phenols containing in the soil are from coking, oil refining, petrochemical, fertilizers and pesticides industries
E.土壤中3，4-苯并的有机污染物主要来自于炼焦炼油行业、氰化物 电镀、冶金、印染等工业。
E.organic pollutants such as 3,4 benzo containing in the soil are from coking oil refining industry, cyanide electroplating, metallurgy, printing and dyeing industries
2.2运行控制operational control
A.治理土壤重金属的物理方法，包括了电化法、玻璃化技术和提取法。
A.physical method for soil heavy mental includes electrochemical process, vitrification and extraction method
B.治理土壤重金属的化学法，也就是添加土壤改良剂、淋洗法。
B.chemical method for soil heavy mental is that adding of soil conditioner, elution method
C.农业生态工程法，包括了排土法和水洗法、植物修复法等。
C.Agricultural eco-engineering methods includes displacement and water washing method, plant retrieval methods
D.农药的挥发扩散属于物理净化作用；有机物的生物降解属于生物净化作用。
D.Pesticide volatilization and diffusion is the physical cleaning, biodegradation by the organic matter is the biological cleaning
E.离子交换吸附属于物理化学净化作用；酸的中和属于化学净化作用。
E.ion exchange adsorption is the physico-chemical cleaning, Acid neutralization is the chemical cleaning
2.3监视和测量monitoring and measurement
A.土壤污染物监测技术主要有：气相色谱（GC）、液相色谱（HPLC）、气相色谱一质谱（GC-MS）、液相色谱-质谱（HPI-C-MS）。
A.monitoring technique of soil pollutant includes: gas chromatography, Liquid Chromatogram, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrography
B.土壤污染物监测技术主要有：气相色谱（GC）、液相色谱（HPLC）。
B.monitoring technique of soil pollutant includes: gas chromatography, Liquid Chromatogram
C.土壤污染物植物修复技术分类为：植物提取、植物稳定、植物挥发、根际过滤。
C.phytoremediation technique of soil pollutant includes: phytoextraction, phyto-Stabilization, phytovolatilization, rhizofiltration
3向水体的排放 the emission to waters
3.1地表水和地下水surface water and underground water
A.化工，炼焦、煤炭、食品企业中排放的含油和低密度固体的废水脂肪、油类废水，可用上浮和气浮的物理处理法，主要的处理设备有隔油池和气浮池。
A.Oily and low-density solid waste fat and oily wastewater discharged from chemical, coking, coal, food enterprises can use physical treatment methods like floating upward and air floatation, the main treatment equipment are oil separator and floatation tank
B.化工厂、电镀厂、湿法冶金企业中排放的高分子化合物、动植物纤维物质、部分有机物质、油类物质、微生物、表面活性物质、农药，汞、镉、铅等重金屑，可用混凝的化学处理法，主要的处理设备有反应池和沉淀池。
B.high-molecular compound, animal & plant fibrous matter, some organic substance, oil substances, microorganism, surface active material, pesticide, mercury, cadmium, lead discharged from the chemical plants, electroplating factory, wet metallurgy enterprises can use the chemical treatment methods, the main treatment equipment are reaction tank and settling pond
C.食品、印染、电镀、造纸、金属加工企业的供水，可以使用超滤物理化学法用超滤器处理。
C.The water supply for food, printing and dyeing, electroplating, papermaking, metal processing enterprises can be processed by ultrafilter
D.城镇污水、生活污水、易生物降解工业废水应使用好氧生物处理（活性污泥法、生物膜法）治理，主要设施有 曝气池、氧化沟、接触氧化池、生物滤池等。
D.The waste water from the urban sewage and industrial sewage, readily biodegradable enterprise can use the aerobic biological treatment(activated sludge process, biofilm process), the main treatment equipment are aeration tank, oxidation ditch, contact aeration basin, bacteria filter
E.食品加工、制药、酿酒、屠宰及溶剂生产企业的工业废水和生活污水及污泥，应使用厌氧生物处理（厌氧活性污泥法、厌氧生物膜法）治理，主要设施有流化床、厌氧生物滤池等。
E.The industrial waste water and sanitary sewage, sludge discharged from the food processing, pharmaceutical, brewing, slaughtering and solvent production enterprises can use anaerobic biological treatment(Anaerobic Activated Sludge Process, anaerobic slime), the main treatment equipment are fluidized bed and anaerobic biofilter
3.2运行控制operational control
A.对有机废液如苯、已烷、二甲苯、甲苯、煤油、轻油、重油、润滑油、切削油、机器油、动植物性油脂及液体和固体脂肪酸等，可综合使用焚烧法、溶剂萃取法、吸附法处理。
A.As for the organic wastewater such as benzene and n-hexane, xylene, toluene, kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, lubricating oil, cutting oil, watch oil, grease and liquid and Animal and vegetable fats and solid fatty acid, The disposal methods are burning method, solvent extraction method, adsorption method
B.对无机废液如重金属Ni、Co、Pb、Sn、Cr3＋，Cr6＋、Cu、Zn、等Fe氢氧化物共沉淀法，硫化物沉淀法，碳酸盐法，吸附法处理。
B.As for the inorganic waste liquid such as the heavy metals Ni, Co, Pb, Sn, Cr3＋, Cr6＋Cu, Zn hydroxide, the methods can be coprecipitation method, precipitation with sulphide, carbonation, adsorption method
C.地下水污染的治理技术主要有：物理处理法、水动力控制法、抽出处理法、原位处理法。
C.technology of treatment of groundwater pollution: method of physical treatment, Hydrodynamic control method, Pump-and-Treat Technique, in-situ remediation
3.3监视和测量monitoring and measurement
A.废污水主要污染物是悬浮物、有机物、石油类、挥发酚、氰化物、硫化物、汞、镉、铬等。
A.key pollutants of effluent sewage are suspended solids, organic matter, petroleum, Volatile Penol, cyanide, sulfide, mercury, cadmium, chrome
B.生化需氧量（BOD）的测定是采用《GB7488-87水质五日生化需氧量测定法》测定的。
B.biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) is measured in accordance with GB7488-87 method for BOD5
C.化学需氧量（COD）反映了水中受还原性物质污染的程度。
C.chemical oxygen demand(COD) reflects the degree of pollution of reducing substances in the water
D.BOD测定仪技术参数主要有：微生物电极法、测量范围、样品测量时间、相对标准偏差等。
D.technical parameters for BOD measurement are tiny-organism electrode method, range of measurement, the time for measurement of samples, relative standard deviation
E.测量化学需氧量所用的氧化剂一般是高锰酸钾或重铬酸钾。
E.oxidizing agent used for measurement of chemical oxygen demand as required are potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate
F.化学需氧量测定标准方法是采用《GB11914水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法》和ISO6060《水质化学需氧量的测定》的。
F.standard method for measurement of chemical oxygen demand are GB11914 dichromate titration, ISO6060 the measurement of chemical oxygen demand in water
4原材料、能源和自然资源的使用 the use of raw materials, energy and natural resources
4.1上游和下游管理 management of upstream and downstream
A.不可再生资源主要包括泥炭、煤、石油、天然气、金属矿产、非金属矿产等。
A.non-renewable resources mainly include peat, coal, petroleum, natural gas, metallic ore, nonmetallic ore
B.可再生资源主要包括生物资源、土地资源、水资源、气候资源等。
B.renewable resources mainly include biological resources, land source, water resource, climatic resources
C.生物多样性是包括基因多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性三个层次。
C.biological diversity refers to genetic diversity, diversity of species, ecosystem diversity
4.2运行控制operational control
A.治理水土流失的生物措施方法包括植树造林、种草护坡、覆盖地表、等高种植等耕作技术。
A.biological control measures for water and soil loss mainly include forest planting, grass slope protection, land cover, contour farming
B.治理水土流失的生物措施方法包括植树造林、种草护坡、覆盖地表、等高种植、免耕、少耕、间作套种等耕作技术。
B.biological control measures for water and soil loss mainly include forest planting, grass slope protection, land cover, contour farming, no-tillage, minimal tillage, intercropping
C.万元工业产值综合能耗的计算公式是：万元产值综合能耗=能源消耗总量（吨标准煤）/工业产值（万元）。
C.computational formula for comprehensive energy consumption per ten thousand output value is that: comprehensive energy consumption per ten thousand output value= total energy consumption(tons of standard coal)/ value of gross output(ten thousand)
4.3监视和测量monitoring and measurement
A.低碳技术是主要涉及电力、交通、建筑、冶金、化工、石化等领域。
A.low-carbon technology mainly involves the fields of electric power, transportation, construction, metallurgy, chemical industry, petrochemical industry
B.二氧化碳燃烧后捕获技术是从化石燃料燃烧后产生的废气中采用液体溶剂和加热的方式将二氧化碳分离出来.
B.carbon dioxide burned trapping technique is that separate carbon dioxide from the waste gas after burning fossil oil by adoption of liquid solvent and heating methods
C.二氧化碳燃烧前捕获技术是首先将化石燃料转化为氢气和二氧化碳的混合气体，然后二氧化碳被液体溶剂或固体吸附剂吸收，再通过加热或减压得以释放和集中。
C.carbon dioxide burned trapping technique is that firstly turn the fossil fuel into mixed gas with hydrogen and carbon dioxide, then liquid solvent and solid adsorbent are absorbed, finally release and concentrate by the process of heating or pressure reduction
5能量释放energy release
5.1辐射释放源：radiation release source
A.勘探、开采、冶炼与精加工。
A.Exploration, exploitation, smelting and finish machining
B.农业的照射培育新品种，粮食贮存。
B.Agricultural new products cultivated by irradiation, and the food storage
C.医药的X射线透视、照相诊断、放射性核素对人体脏器测定，对肿瘤的照射治疗等。
C.X-ray fluoroscopy, photographic diagnostics, radionuclide for testing human body organs, treatment irradiation on tumour
D.各种加速器、射线发生器及电子显微镜、彩电显像管、高压电子管等。
D.Accelerator, x ray generator and electron microscope, Color TV electric image tube, high pressure electronic tubes
5.2运行控制operational control
A.机械噪声的治理措施有：提高设备精度、改善机器传动系统、调好平衡、提高机壳阻尼。
A.treatment measure for mechanical noise: Improve the equipment accuracy, improve the machine drive system, adjust balance and increase case damping
B.空气动力性噪声治理措施有：降低流速、适当增加导流片、减少气流出口处的速度梯度、调解风扇叶片的角度形状、改进管道连接处的密封性。
B.treatment measure for air power noise: reduce the flow velocity, Appropriate increase flow deflector, reduce the velocity gradient of air outlet, adjust the angle of fan blade, improve the pipe connection leakproofness
C.辐射屏蔽材料有：铅、钢筋水泥、铅玻璃等。
C.radiation shielding materials are lead, armored concrete, lead glass
6废弃物wastes
6.1废物源 waste source
A.冶金业产生的废弃物有高炉渣、钢渣、铜铅铬汞渣、赤泥、废矿石、烟尘等。
A.The wastes which come from metallurgic industry are blast furnace slag, steel slag, Chromium, copper, lead, mercury slag, red mud, junk ore, smoke
B.石油与化学工业产生的废弃物有废油、浮渣、含油污泥、炉渣、塑料、橡胶、陶瓷、纤维、沥青、油毡、石棉、涂料、化学药剂、废催化剂等
B.The wastes which come from petroleum chemical industry are waste oil, sludge, oily sludge, slag, plastic, rubber, ceramics, fibers, asphalt, linoleum, asbestos, coatings, chemicals, waste catalyst
C.轻工业产生的废弃物有各类食品糟渣、废纸、金属、皮革、塑料、橡胶、布头、线、纤维、染料、刨花、锯末、碎木、化学药剂等。
C.The wastes which come from light industry are food slags, waste paper, metal, leather, plastic, rubber, fabric, thread, fiber, dye, chopped wood shavings, sawdust, wood, chemical agents
D.机械电子工业产生的废弃物有有金属碎料、铁屑、炉渣、模具、砂芯、润滑剂、酸洗剂、导线、玻璃、木材、橡胶、塑料、化学药剂、研磨料、陶瓷、绝缘材料等。
D.The wastes which come from Electronic Industries are metal scrap, scrap iron, slag, mold, sand core, lubricants, acid lotion, wires, glass, wood, rubber, plastic, chemical, abrasive, ceramic, insulating materials
E.建筑工业：产生的废弃物有钢筋、水泥、粘土、陶瓷、石膏、石棉、砂石、砖瓦、纤维板等。
E.The wastes which come from construction industry are steel, cement, clay, sandstone, tiles, ceramic, gypsum, asbestos, fiber board
F.采矿业产生的废物有废矿石、煤矸石、粉煤灰、烟道灰、炉渣等。
F.The wastes which come from mining industry are waste ore, coal gangue, fly ash, flue ash and slag
G.种植业产生的废弃物有稻草、麦秸、根茎、落叶、烂菜、废农膜、农用塑料、农药等。
G.The wastes which come from planting industry are straw, wheat straw, roots, leaves, rotten vegetables, waste polluting plastics, pesticides
H.养殖业产生的废弃物有畜禽粪便、死禽死畜、死鱼死虾、脱落的羽毛等。
H.The wastes which come from breeding industry are faeces, dead ones, shed feathers
I.养殖和种植业的废弃物治理技术都可以是回收再利用、沼气。
I.technology for treatment of wastes which come from the breeding industry and planting industry can be recycling and reusing, marsh gas
J.冶金、石油化学、轻工工业、采矿业、电子工业、建筑业、机械电子业等的废弃物都可以使用回收再利用、焚烧、安全填埋的治理技术。
J.The wastes which come from metallurgy, petrochemical, light industry, mining industry, electronic industry, construction, machinery and electronics industry can be processed by recycling and reusing, incineration, secure landfill
6.2运行控制operational control
A.可回收废弃物包括：纸类、玻璃、塑料、金属、织物等。
A.Recycling wastes include paper, glass, plastics, metal and fabric
B.分选技术包括手工筛选、重力分选、磁力分选等。
B.Sorting technology includes hand selection, gravitational segregation and magnetic separation
C.固化处理技术是在废弃物添加固化基材，使有害固体废物固定或包容在惰性固化基材中的一种无害化处理过程。
C.solidified treatment technique is the innocent treatment process of adding solidification materials into wastes to fix hazardous solid wastes or include into inert solidification materials
D.焚烧技术是将固体废物高温分解和深度氧化处理，可将有害废料分解变成无害物质。
D.incineration technology is that the treatment of high temperature decomposition and deep oxidation of solid wastes, making the hazardous waste into innocuous substances
E.热解技术是将有机物在无氧或缺氧条件下高温（1000℃－1200℃）加热，使之分解为气、液、固三类产物。
E.pyrolytic technique is that heat with high-temperature the organic matters under anaerobic or oxygen deficit conditions, decompose into gas, liquid and solid products
F.生物处理技术是利用微生物对有机固体废物的分解作用使其无害化，目前主要应用有堆肥、制沼气、废纤维生产饲料等。
F.biotreatment technology is that use the microorganism to decompose organic solid wastes under harmlessness, the main applications are manure mixture for fertilizing, marsh gas production, scrap fibre into fodder
7物理属性 physical property
7.1物理属性physical property
A.我国目前对室内温度、室外管网的热输送效率、平均照度与照明功率密度的节能检测依据的强制性标准是《GB 50411-2007建筑节能工程施工质量验收规范》
A.At present, China has the mandatory standard GB 50411-2007 acceptance specification for construction quality of building energy-saving engineering for test of indoor temperature, heat transfer efficiency of outdoor pipe network, average illumination and lighting power density
B.我国目前对室内温度、室外管网的热输送效率、平均照度与照明功率密度的节能检测依据的强制性标准是《GB 50411-2011建筑节能工程施工质量验收规范》
B.At present, China has the mandatory standard GB 50411-2007 acceptance specification for construction quality of building energy-saving engineering for test of indoor temperature, heat transfer efficiency of outdoor pipe network, average illumination and lighting power density
C.建筑物的可以达到隔音的主要材料主要有自立式隔板、墙面吸音板、顶棚和地板。
C.The main materials used for sound insulation of buildings are self-standing cross wall, wall acoustic boards, ceilings and floors
A1 水污染 water pollution
A.水体因某种物质的介入，而导致其化学、物理、生物或者放射性等方面特性的改变，从而
影响水的有效利用，危害人体健康或者破坏生态环境，造成水质恶化的现象。
A. Due to the intervention of a substance, the water has changed in the chemical, physical, biological or radioactive properties, thus affect the efficient use of water, endanger human health or harm the environment, causing water quality deterioration.
B.水体因某种物质的介入，而导致其化学、物理等方面特性的改变，从而影响水的有效利用，危害人体健康或者破坏生态环境，造成水质恶化的现象。
B. Due to the intervention of a substance, the water has changed in the chemical, physical, biological or radioactive properties, thus affect the efficient use of water, endanger human health or harm the environment, causing water quality deterioration.
A2 污水 wastewater
A.在生产活动中排放的水的总称。
A The generic name that the water is discharged from production activities
B.在生活活动中排放的水的总称。
B. The generic name that the water is discharged from activities of daily life
C.在生产与生活活动中排放的水的总称。
C. The generic name that the water is discharged from production activities and activities of daily life
A3 污泥 sludge
A.在污水处理过程中产生的半固态或固态物质，不包括栅渣、浮渣和沉砂。
A. Semi-solid state or solid matter generated in the process of sewage treatment, not including sediment, scum and sand setting
B.在污水处理过程中产生的半固态或固态物质，包括栅渣、浮渣和沉砂。
B. Semi-solid state or solid matter generated in the process of sewage treatment, including sediment, scum and sand setting
B固废污染控制control of solid waste pollution：
B1 固体废物 solid waste
A.在生产、生活和其他活动中产生的固态、半固态和置于容器中的气态的物品、物质以及法律、行政法规规定纳入固体废物管理的物品、物质。
A.Solid waste is the solid state, semi-solid state wastes or gaseous waste in containers which come from the production activities, daily life and other activities, as well as legal and administrative provisions as solid waste.
B.在生产、生活和其他活动中产生的丧失原有利用价值或者虽未丧失利用价值但被抛弃或者
放弃的固态、半固态和置于容器中的气态的物品、物质以及法律、行政法规规定纳入固体废物
管理的物品、物质。
B.Solid waste is the solid state, semi-solid state wastes or gaseous waste in containers which come from the production activities, daily life and other activities losing their use value or not losing of value but abandoned, as well as legal and administrative provisions as solid waste.
B2 生活垃圾 municipal solid waste, MSW
A.在日常生活中或为日常生活提供服务的活动中产生的固体废物以及法律、行政法规规定视为生活垃圾的固体废物。
A.The solid waste which comes from everyday life or activeswhich provide services for city daily life , as well as legal and administrativeprovisions as city living garbage.
B.在日常生活中或生产活动中产生的固体废物以及法律、行政法规规定视为生活垃圾的固体废物。
B.The solid waste which comes from everyday life or production activities, as well as legal and administrative provisions as city living garbage.
B3 危险废物 hazardous waste
A.列入国家危险废物名录或者根据国家规定的危险废物鉴别标准和鉴别方法认定的具有危
险特性的废物。
A.The waste that has been listed in toxic waste manual of our country, or has been defined in the Identification standards for hazardous wastes and identification method in accordance with the state provisions.
B.列入国家危险废物名录或者根据国际规定的危险废物鉴别标准和鉴别方法认定的具有危
险特性的废物。
B.The waste that has been listed in toxic waste manual of our country, or has been defined in the Identification standards for hazardous wastes and identification method in accordance with international requirements
C大气污染控制Control of Air pollution
C1 大气污染 air pollution
A.大气中污染物质的浓度达到有害程度，以致损害或破坏生态系统和人类正常生存和发展的
条件，对人类和生物造成危害的现象。
A.The air pollutant’s consistency has been reached the harmful levels, causing the damage or destruction of the ecological system and the condition of human survival and development normally. there is the damage done to living beings or humans from it
B.大气中污染物质的浓度和速率达到有害程度，以致损害或破坏生态系统和人类正常生存和发展的条件，对人类和生物造成危害的现象。
B.The air pollutant’s consistency and speed have been reached the harmful levels, causing the damage or destruction of the ecological system and the condition of human survival and development normally. there is the damage done to living beings or humans from it
C2 除尘 de-dusting; dust removal;
A.从气体中将颗粒物分离出来并加以捕集、回收的过程。
A.the de-dusting is the process of separating the particulate matters from the air and then gathering and recycling them
B.从气体中将杂质分离出来并加以捕集、回收的过程。
B.the de-dusting is the process of separating the impurities from the air and then gathering and recycling them
C3 气态污染物控制control of gaseous pollutants
A.通过物理、化学、物理化学以及生物等方法去除气体中有毒有害气体的过程。
A.Control of gaseous pollutants is the process of removal of toxic and harmful gases by the physical, chemical and biological, physicochemical methods
B.通过物理、化学、物理化学以及生物等方法去除气体中有害气体的过程。
B.Control of gaseous pollutants is the process of removal of harmful gases by the physical, chemical and biological, physicochemical methods
D噪声污染控制Control of noise pollution
D1 环境噪声污染 noise pollution
A.所产生的环境噪声超过国家规定的环境噪声排放标准的现象。
A.The environmental noise is kept out of the limits of environmental noise emission set by the State.
B.所产生的环境噪声超过国家规定的环境噪声排放标准，并干扰他人正常生活、工作和学习
的现象。
B.The environmental noise is kept out of the limits of environmental noise emission set by the State. and disturb the normal work, life and study of others.
D2 噪声控制 noise control
A.为保护人类正常生活、工作和学习，降低声源的噪声辐射，控制噪声的传播和接收所采取
的工程技术措施。
A.The corresponding technical measures that have taken to protect human normal study, work, life, reduce noise radiation of sound source, control the noises transition
B.为保护人类正常生活、工作和学习，降低声源的噪声辐射，控制噪声所采取的工程技术措施。
B.The corresponding technical measures that have taken to protect human normal study, work, life, reduce noise radiation of sound source, control the noises
E电磁辐射污染控制Control of electromagnetic radiation
E1 电磁辐射 electromagnetic radiation
A.使能量以电磁波形式由源发射到空间的现象，或能量以电磁波形式在空间传播。
A.Enable the energy by source to emit into space in the form of electromagnetic waves, or enable the energy to spread in the form of electromagnetic waves
B.使能量以电器电源形式由源发射到空间的现象，或能量以电磁波形式在空间传播。
B.Enable the energy by source to emit into space in the form of electrical power, or enable the energy to spread in the form of electromagnetic waves
E2 电磁辐射污染 electromagnetic radiation pollution
A.人类使用产生电磁辐射的设备而泄露的电磁能量流对环境的污染。
A.The pollution on environment which come from energy flow of electromagnetism leaked from electromagnetic radiation equipment used by human beings
B.人类使用电子电器设备而泄露的电磁能量流对环境的污染。
B.The pollution on environment which come from energy flow of electromagnetism leaked from electronics & electrical appliances used by human beings
E3 屏蔽 shield
A.采取一切可能的措施将电磁辐射的作用与影响限定的方法。
A.The method to take the all measures available to prescribe a limit to effect and impact of electromagnetic radiation
B.采取一切可能的措施将电磁辐射的作用与影响限定在一个特定区域内的方法。
B.The method to take the all measures available to limit the effect and impact of electromagnetic radiation into specific area
2 环境计量（多选题）Environmental measurement(multiple choice)
A. “十二五”国家总量控制指标为二氧化硫(SO2)、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH3-N)和氮氧化物(NOX)
酸雨控制区和SO2控制区；淮河、海河、辽河流域；太湖、滇池、巢湖流域。
A.the 12th Five-Year Plan the total quantity control is SO2, COD, NH3-N, NOX, acid rain control regions, SO2 control regions, Huai River basin, Haihe River Basin , Liaohe River Basin, Lake Taihu, the Dian Lake and chaohu lake basin
B.物料平衡法的计算公式是：物料平衡值=（产出量+废品量+取样量+废料量）/ 理论值×100%。
B.computational formula of material balance is that: material balance index=( total production volume + the quantity of waste product+ Sample Volume+ scrap material)/ theoretical value×100%
C.物料平衡的实际值包括本工序产出产品量、收集的不可再用的废品量、收集的可再利用的回收品量、取样量、剩余量（指包装材料）。
C.The actual value of material balance includes the quantity of output products, the quantity of non-recyclable wastes, the quantity of recyclable wastes, sample volume, surplus（packaging materials）
3环境因素及环境技术领域适用的环境监视和测量技术（多选题）
Environmental monitoring and measuring technology applicable to environmental aspects and environmental technical area（multiple choice）
A.清洁生产的工作重点包括采用经济合理的综合利用工艺和技术，制订科学的资源消耗定额。
A.Cleaner production focuses on the comprehensive utilization technology at a reasonable cost, make out formulate scientific resource consumption quota.
B.固废无害化处理包括：垃圾焚烧、卫生填埋、堆肥、有害废物的热处理和解毒处理等。
B.Solid waste non-hazardous treatment includes waste incineration, sanitary landfill, manure mixture for fertilizing, the heat treatment and antidote treatment for hazardous wastes
C.《HJ/T91-2002 地表水和污水监测技术规范》规定造纸和纸制品企业的污水监测必须要测酸度（或碱度）、COD、BOD5、可吸附有、机卤化物（AOX）、pH、挥发酚、悬浮物、色度、硫化物。
C.HJ/T91-2002 technical specification for monitoring of surface water and sewage addresses the monitoring of sewage discharged from the paper making and printing enterprises shall inspect following items： acidity（basicity）, COD, BOD5, AOX, PH, Volatile Penol, suspended solids, color and sulfide
D.大气固定污染源排气中测定二氧化硫的方法可使用碘量法，测定氮氧化物可使用紫外光分光度法。
D.As for the stationary pollution source，it can use the iodometric method to test sulfur dioxide, use the ultraviolet spectral photometer to test nitric oxide
E.《GB 12348-2008 工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》规定的采样点选在工业企业厂界处1米、高度1.2米以上、距任一放射面距离不小于1m的位置。
E.GB 12348-2008 industrial boundary enterprises discharge standards define the sampling site where 1M of enterprise boundary, height 1.2M above, no less than 1M to any emitting surface
4识别和评价环境因素、环境影响及其环境重要性的技术（多选题）
The technology of identifying and evaluating environmental aspects, environmental impact and importance of the environment. （multiple choice）
A.环境因素、环境影响及其环境重要性的识别和评价方法技术包括：物料衡算、产品生命周期、问卷调查、专家咨询、现场观察（查看和面谈）、头脑风暴、查阅文件和记录、测量、水平对比、纵向对比等方法技术。
A.The methods to identifying and evaluating environmental aspects and environmental impacts and the importance of environment include: material balance，product life cycle, questionnaire survey, expert consultation, on-site inspection, brainstorming，documents and records checking, measurement, horizontal and vertical comparison
B.环境因素水平对比法是指内部、同行业或其他行业去做比较；纵向对比法是指组织的现在和过去做比较。
B.Horizontal comparison of environmental aspects refers to the comparison of internal, same industry or other industry, vertical comparison refers to the comparison of the past with the present.
C.企业的环境因素调查表，至少内容要包括：工作内容、环境因素、排放去向、频率、环境影响、 时态、状态等信息。
C.Environmental factors questionnaire shall include at least: job content- environmental factor, whereabouts, frequency, environmental impact, tense, status, responsible department
5设计中的环境因素（多选题）
Integrating environmental aspects into design and development（multiple choice）
A.设计的环境因素包括产品生产过程对原材料和循环材料、组件、能源、水以及其他资源的使用，也包括输出相关因素（废弃物和排放物），及来自产品的配送、使用和最终处置中的因素。
A.integrating environmental aspects into design and development includes the use of raw materials, recycled materials, modules, energy, water and other resources in the process of production, and also include the output of relevant factors (wastes and emission), and the factors from the products distribution, use and final disposal.
B.设计的环境因素包括产品生产过程中对原材料和循环材料、组件、能源、水以及其他资源的使用，也包括输出相关因素（废弃物和排放物），但是不包括产品的配送、使用和最终处置中的因素。
B.integrating environmental aspects into design and development includes the use of raw materials, recycled materials, modules, energy, water and other resources in the process of production, and also include the output of relevant factors (wastes and emission), but except factors from the products distribution, use and final disposal.
C.国际标准ISO/TR 14062 提供了有关生态化设计的信息。
C.International standard ISO/TR 14062 provide the information of ecological design
6环境绩效评价（多选题）
environmental performance evaluation（multiple choice）
A.进行环境绩效评估时，最重要的课题即选择适当的环境绩效指标。
A.As for the environmental performance evaluation, most important subject is that select appropriate Environmental Performance Indicators
B.环境指标基本分为环境状态指标（Environmental Condition Indicators，ECIs）和环境绩效指标（Environmental Performance Indicators, EPIs），而EPI又可分为管理绩效指标（Management Performance Indicators, MPIs）及作业绩效指标（Operation Performance Indicators, OPIs）。
B.Based on evaluation object and scope size, environmental index can be divided into Environmental Condition Indicators，ECIs and Environmental Performance Indicators, EPIs also can be divided into（Management Performance Indicators, MPIs）,（Operation Performance Indicators, OPIs）
C. “每年产生有害、可回收、可再利用废弃物量”是属于环境作业绩效指标的内容。
C.The amount of harmful, recyclable, reusable wastes generated each year is the content of environmental management performance indicators
D. “原物料取得来源是否将环保列入评估项目”是属于环境管理绩效指标的内容。
D. “Whether raw materials source include the environmental protection into the evaluation item” is the content of environmental management performance indicators
E. “单位产量二氧化碳排放量”是属于环境状态绩效指标的内容。
E.carbon dioxide emissions per unit output is the content of environmental management performance indicators
F.国际标准ISO14031提供了关于环境绩效评价的信息。
F.International standard ISO14031 provides the information for environmental performance evaluation
7法律法规和其他要求（多选题）
law regulations and requirements（multiple choice）
A. “法律法规”包括环境质量标准、污染物排放标准、环境基础标准、环境方法标准、环境标样标准。
A.law regulations and requirements include environmental quality standards, pollutant discharge standard, basic environmental standards, environmental methods standards, environmental sample standards
B. “其他要求”可以包括组织自愿性的、国家的、国际的及行业特定的环境协议。
B.Other requirements may include the voluntary national, international and sector-specific environmental report agreement
C.国家大气污染物综合排放标准是《GB16297-1996大气污染物综合排放标准》。
C.The Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants is GB16297-1996 The Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants
D.国家污水污染物综合排放标准是《GB8978-1996污水综合排放标准》。
D.Integrated Emission Standard of sewage Pollutants is GB8978-1996 integrated wastewater discharge standard
E.国家噪声排放标准是《GB12348-2001工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》。
E.noise pollution emission standard is GB12348-2001 enterprise boundry noise pollution emission standard
F.上海市地方污水综合排放标准《DB31/199—2009污水综合排放标准》。
F.Shanghai integrated wastewater discharge standard is DB31/199—2009 integrated wastewater discharge standard
G.工业废弃物最基本执行的控制标准是《GB18599-2001一般工业固体废物贮存处置场污染控制标准》
G.industrial waste executes the control standard is that GB18599-2001 standard for control of pollutions from industrial solid waste storage repositories
8应急准备和响应（多选题）
Emergency preparedness and response（multiple choice）
A.应急准备工作包括：软件准备（管理制度、应急预案、信息体系、应急培训、应急演练）和硬件准备（事故池、备用设备、防护设施、消防设施、监测设备）。
A.Emergency preparedness includes: software preparation(management control system, emergency plan, information system, emergency training, emergency exercise), hardware preparation(accident pool, standby equipment, protective facilities, fire control facilities and monitoring equipment)
B.应急响应工作包括：紧急联络、响应措施、人员救护、居民疏散、监测等。
B.Emergency preparedness includes: emergency contact, response measures, personnel and rescue and evacuation, monitoring
C.事后评价工作包括：原因分析、采取纠正措施、应急预案评审及修改等。
C.Ex-post evaluation includes: analysis of root cause, corrective action necessary, review and modification of contingency plan
9运行控制（多选题）Operational control
A.环境运行控制应重点考虑组织的重要环境因素、适用的法律法规要求相一致。
A.Environmental operational control shall focus on the consistence of organization’s important environmental aspects and applicable laws and regulations
B.环境运行控制应包括组织自身可控范围并可包括利用合同方来实现目标和指标。
B.Environmental operational control shall include the scope under control by the organization itself and can use the contractor to reach the targets and indicators
C.环境运行控制不可以包括利用合同方来实现目标和指标。
C.Environmental operational control can not use the contractor to reach the targets and indicators
D.环境运行控制可包括利用组织自身的能力来实现目标和指标。
D.Environmental operational control can use the capacity of its own organization to reach the targets and indicators
10与场所有关的因素the factors related with the locations
10.1高污染重污染行业知识(多选题) Knowledge of high-polluting industries（multiple choice）
A.高污染行业包括：焦炭和石油（IAF CODE 10）、 重有色金属冶炼业（IAF CODE 17）、铅蓄电池制造业（IAF CODE 19）、皮革及其制品业（IAF CODE 05）、化学原料及化学制品（IAF CODE 12）。
A.The sectors which will generate and discharge heavy metal pollutants include: coke and petroleum products(IAF CODE 10), heavy non-ferrous metal smelting(IAF CODE 17), lead storage battery(IAF CODE19), leather and products(IAF CODE 05), chemical raw material and chemical products（IAF CODE 12）
B.焦炭和石油（IAF CODE 10）、 重有色金属冶炼业（IAF CODE 17）、铅蓄电池制造业（IAF CODE 19）、皮革及其制品业（IAF CODE 05）、化学原料及化学制品（IAF CODE 12）等行业均需取得环评批准及验收并取得环境排污许可证明后方可经营。
B.The following sectors such as coke and refined petroleum products(IAF CODE 10), heavy non-ferrous metal smelting(IAF CODE 17), lead storage battery(IAF CODE19), leather and products(IAF CODE 05), printing(IAF CODE 09), metal surface treatment（IAF CODE 17）, chemical raw material and chemical products（IAF CODE 12）shall not operate those business before obtaining environmental-impact assessment approval and environmental acceptance, pollutant discharging license
C.焦炭和石油（IAF CODE 10）、 重有色金属冶炼业（IAF CODE 17）、铅蓄电池制造业（IAF CODE 19）、皮革及其制品业（IAF CODE 05）、化学原料及化学制品（IAF CODE 12）等行业的环境保护和三废排放设施应能正常运行。
C.environmental protection and 3 Wastes facilities for the following sectors such as coke and refined petroleum products(IAF CODE 10), heavy non-ferrous metal smelting(IAF CODE 17), manufacture of lead storage battery(IAF CODE19), leather and products(IAF CODE 05), printing(IAF CODE 09), metal surface treatment（IAF CODE 17）, chemical raw material and chemical products（IAF CODE 12）shall be ensure their smooth operations
10.2环境敏感区域知识（多选题）The knowledge of environmental sensitive areas（multiple choice）
A.环境敏感区包括：自然保护区、风景名胜区、世界文化和自然遗产地、饮用水水源保护区。
A.Environmental sensitive areas include: nature protection area, scenic spot, world cultural heritage sites and world natural heritages sites, drinking water source protection area
B.环境敏感区包括：基本农田保护区、基本草原、森林公园、地质公园、重要湿地、天然林、珍稀濒危野生动植物天然集中分布区、重要水生生物的自然产卵场及索饵场、越冬场和洄游通道、天然渔场、资源性缺水地区、水土流失重点防治区、沙化土地封禁保护区、封闭及半封闭海域、富营养化水域。
B.Environmental sensitive areas include: basic farmland preservation area, prime grassland, forest park, geological park, important wetland sites, natural forest, natural concentrated distribution area for rare and endangered species, natural spawing site and feeding ground for aquatic organism, wintering ground and migration channel, natural fishing ground, the area where lack of water resources, regionalization of soil erosion, desertification of land reserve, closed and semi-closed sea area, eutrophication water area
C.环境敏感区包括：以居住、医疗卫生、文化教育、科研、行政办公等为主要功能的区域，文物保护单位，具有特殊历史、文化、科学、民族意义的保护地。
C.Environmental sensitive areas include: major areas of functionality for living, health, culture, education, scientific research and administrative office, culture relic protection site, protected areas where have special history, culture, science, national significance
B环境因素有关知识（本B部分题分七大题，17个小题，每小题5分，总分85分；每大题下的小题均为多选题）
The knowledge of environmental aspects(Part B：Within each topic there are 17 questions, 5 points each, 85 points in total ,(multiple choice)
1向大气的排放Emissions into the atmosphere
1.1气体和颗粒物(gas and particulate matter)
A.挥发性物质由储罐的阀轴和通风孔处的挥发属于逃逸性排放，是无序排放。
A.volatile substance is volatilized through valve shaft of storage tank and ventilation hole, which is fugitive emission, belong to emissions in disorder
B.排气筒或烟囱的排放属于点源排放，是有组织排放。
B.The emission from exhaust funnel and chimney belong to the point source discharge, which is the controlled emission
C.污水处理池中甲烷的排放属于面源排放，是无组织排放。
C.Methane emission that come from activated sludge tank is the surface source discharge, which is the inorganization emission
1.2运行控制 operational control
A.过滤技术主要包括家用除尘袋、通风过滤、空调过滤、真空吸尘器、滤袋。
A.filtration technology mainly include the household dust settling pocket, ventilation or filtration, air-condition filtration, vacuum cleaner, filter-bag
B.布袋除尘器运行中主要控制烟气通过滤料的速度，一般取过滤速度是0．5—2m／min。
B.bag-type dust collector under operation mainly shall be controlled speed of filtration, the speed is 0.5-2m/min
C.催化湿式氧化技术（Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation，简称CWAO）：是在一定的温度、压力和催化剂作用下，经氧化使污水中的有机物及氨分别氧化分解成CO2 、H2O及N2等无害物质。
C.Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation: under certain temperature and pressure and catalyst, when in the oxygenolysis ,organic matter and ammonia in sewage can produce the innocuous substance such as CO2, H2O and N2
1.3监视和测量monitoring and measurement
A.污染源的监测布置原则是在污染比较集中，主导风向比较明显的情况下将污染源的下风向作为主要监测范围。
A.layout principle for the monitoring of source of pollution is that if the pollution is concentrated, dominant wind direction is more noticeable, take the downwind direction of source of pollutions as the range of monitoring
B.空气监测的项目主要包括二氧化硫、一氧化氮、碳氢化合物、浮尘。
B.The items for air monitoring mainly includes sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, carbureted hydrogen, dust
C.常用的大气监测采样方法包括：直接采样法、塑料袋采样、采气管采样、真空瓶采样。
C.The common methods for sampling of air monitoring: direct sampling method, sampling by the plastic bags, sampling by sample gas tubes, sampling by vacuum flask
D.监测大气的主要仪器是激光粉尘测试仪，该仪器可以直接可粉尘质量浓度（mg/m）。
D.The instrument used for the air monitoring is laser dust tester that can test directly the dust mass concentration(mg/m)
2向土地的排放 emission to land
2.1固体或液体的排放 the discharge of solid waste or liquid
A.向土地排放固体或液体排放通常采用物理法（如淤泥收集器、压力水管）、自然法（如堆肥）或化学处理法（一、二、三级）以及生物修复（植物的、厌氧的）等加以控制。
A.The discharge of solid waste or liquid to land can be controlled by physical method(silt trap, pressure water pipe)，natural method(manure mixture for fertilizing), or chemical treatment method( level I, II and III) and bioremediation(by plant or anaerobes)
B.土壤中铬、镍的无机污染物主要来自于冶炼、电镀、制革、印染等工业产生。
B.inorganic pollutants such as chromium and nickel containing in the soil are from smelting, electroplating, tanning, dyeing and printing industries
C.土壤中锌的无机污染物主要来自于冶炼、镀锌、人造纤维、纺织工业、含锌农药、磷肥。
C.inorganic pollutants such as zinc containing in the soil are from smelting, galvanizing, artificial fiber, textile industries, zinc fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer
D.土壤中酚类的有机污染物来主要自于炼焦、炼油、石油化工、化肥、农药等工业。
D.organic pollutants such as phenols containing in the soil are from coking, oil refining, petrochemical, fertilizers and pesticides industries
E.土壤中3，4-苯并的有机污染物主要来自于炼焦炼油行业、氰化物 电镀、冶金、印染等工业。
E.organic pollutants such as 3,4 benzo containing in the soil are from coking oil refining industry, cyanide electroplating, metallurgy, printing and dyeing industries
2.2运行控制operational control
A.治理土壤重金属的物理方法，包括了电化法、玻璃化技术和提取法。
A.physical method for soil heavy mental includes electrochemical process, vitrification and extraction method
B.治理土壤重金属的化学法，也就是添加土壤改良剂、淋洗法。
B.chemical method for soil heavy mental is that adding of soil conditioner, elution method
C.农业生态工程法，包括了排土法和水洗法、植物修复法等。
C.Agricultural eco-engineering methods includes displacement and water washing method, plant retrieval methods
D.农药的挥发扩散属于物理净化作用；有机物的生物降解属于生物净化作用。
D.Pesticide volatilization and diffusion is the physical cleaning, biodegradation by the organic matter is the biological cleaning
E.离子交换吸附属于物理化学净化作用；酸的中和属于化学净化作用。
E.ion exchange adsorption is the physico-chemical cleaning, Acid neutralization is the chemical cleaning
2.3监视和测量monitoring and measurement
A.土壤污染物监测技术主要有：气相色谱（GC）、液相色谱（HPLC）、气相色谱一质谱（GC-MS）、液相色谱-质谱（HPI-C-MS）。
A.monitoring technique of soil pollutant includes: gas chromatography, Liquid Chromatogram, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrography
B.土壤污染物监测技术主要有：气相色谱（GC）、液相色谱（HPLC）。
B.monitoring technique of soil pollutant includes: gas chromatography, Liquid Chromatogram
C.土壤污染物植物修复技术分类为：植物提取、植物稳定、植物挥发、根际过滤。
C.phytoremediation technique of soil pollutant includes: phytoextraction, phyto-Stabilization, phytovolatilization, rhizofiltration
3向水体的排放 the emission to waters
3.1地表水和地下水surface water and underground water
A.化工，炼焦、煤炭、食品企业中排放的含油和低密度固体的废水脂肪、油类废水，可用上浮和气浮的物理处理法，主要的处理设备有隔油池和气浮池。
A.Oily and low-density solid waste fat and oily wastewater discharged from chemical, coking, coal, food enterprises can use physical treatment methods like floating upward and air floatation, the main treatment equipment are oil separator and floatation tank
B.化工厂、电镀厂、湿法冶金企业中排放的高分子化合物、动植物纤维物质、部分有机物质、油类物质、微生物、表面活性物质、农药，汞、镉、铅等重金屑，可用混凝的化学处理法，主要的处理设备有反应池和沉淀池。
B.high-molecular compound, animal & plant fibrous matter, some organic substance, oil substances, microorganism, surface active material, pesticide, mercury, cadmium, lead discharged from the chemical plants, electroplating factory, wet metallurgy enterprises can use the chemical treatment methods, the main treatment equipment are reaction tank and settling pond
C.食品、印染、电镀、造纸、金属加工企业的供水，可以使用超滤物理化学法用超滤器处理。
C.The water supply for food, printing and dyeing, electroplating, papermaking, metal processing enterprises can be processed by ultrafilter
D.城镇污水、生活污水、易生物降解工业废水应使用好氧生物处理（活性污泥法、生物膜法）治理，主要设施有 曝气池、氧化沟、接触氧化池、生物滤池等。
D.The waste water from the urban sewage and industrial sewage, readily biodegradable enterprise can use the aerobic biological treatment(activated sludge process, biofilm process), the main treatment equipment are aeration tank, oxidation ditch, contact aeration basin, bacteria filter
E.食品加工、制药、酿酒、屠宰及溶剂生产企业的工业废水和生活污水及污泥，应使用厌氧生物处理（厌氧活性污泥法、厌氧生物膜法）治理，主要设施有流化床、厌氧生物滤池等。
E.The industrial waste water and sanitary sewage, sludge discharged from the food processing, pharmaceutical, brewing, slaughtering and solvent production enterprises can use anaerobic biological treatment(Anaerobic Activated Sludge Process, anaerobic slime), the main treatment equipment are fluidized bed and anaerobic biofilter
3.2运行控制operational control
A.对有机废液如苯、已烷、二甲苯、甲苯、煤油、轻油、重油、润滑油、切削油、机器油、动植物性油脂及液体和固体脂肪酸等，可综合使用焚烧法、溶剂萃取法、吸附法处理。
A.As for the organic wastewater such as benzene and n-hexane, xylene, toluene, kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, lubricating oil, cutting oil, watch oil, grease and liquid and Animal and vegetable fats and solid fatty acid, The disposal methods are burning method, solvent extraction method, adsorption method
B.对无机废液如重金属Ni、Co、Pb、Sn、Cr3＋，Cr6＋、Cu、Zn、等Fe氢氧化物共沉淀法，硫化物沉淀法，碳酸盐法，吸附法处理。
B.As for the inorganic waste liquid such as the heavy metals Ni, Co, Pb, Sn, Cr3＋, Cr6＋Cu, Zn hydroxide, the methods can be coprecipitation method, precipitation with sulphide, carbonation, adsorption method
C.地下水污染的治理技术主要有：物理处理法、水动力控制法、抽出处理法、原位处理法。
C.technology of treatment of groundwater pollution: method of physical treatment, Hydrodynamic control method, Pump-and-Treat Technique, in-situ remediation
3.3监视和测量monitoring and measurement
A.废污水主要污染物是悬浮物、有机物、石油类、挥发酚、氰化物、硫化物、汞、镉、铬等。
A.key pollutants of effluent sewage are suspended solids, organic matter, petroleum, Volatile Penol, cyanide, sulfide, mercury, cadmium, chrome
B.生化需氧量（BOD）的测定是采用《GB7488-87水质五日生化需氧量测定法》测定的。
B.biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) is measured in accordance with GB7488-87 method for BOD5
C.化学需氧量（COD）反映了水中受还原性物质污染的程度。
C.chemical oxygen demand(COD) reflects the degree of pollution of reducing substances in the water
D.BOD测定仪技术参数主要有：微生物电极法、测量范围、样品测量时间、相对标准偏差等。
D.technical parameters for BOD measurement are tiny-organism electrode method, range of measurement, the time for measurement of samples, relative standard deviation
E.测量化学需氧量所用的氧化剂一般是高锰酸钾或重铬酸钾。
E.oxidizing agent used for measurement of chemical oxygen demand as required are potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate
F.化学需氧量测定标准方法是采用《GB11914水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法》和ISO6060《水质化学需氧量的测定》的。
F.standard method for measurement of chemical oxygen demand are GB11914 dichromate titration, ISO6060 the measurement of chemical oxygen demand in water
4原材料、能源和自然资源的使用 the use of raw materials, energy and natural resources
4.1上游和下游管理 management of upstream and downstream
A.不可再生资源主要包括泥炭、煤、石油、天然气、金属矿产、非金属矿产等。
A.non-renewable resources mainly include peat, coal, petroleum, natural gas, metallic ore, nonmetallic ore
B.可再生资源主要包括生物资源、土地资源、水资源、气候资源等。
B.renewable resources mainly include biological resources, land source, water resource, climatic resources
C.生物多样性是包括基因多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性三个层次。
C.biological diversity refers to genetic diversity, diversity of species, ecosystem diversity
4.2运行控制operational control
A.治理水土流失的生物措施方法包括植树造林、种草护坡、覆盖地表、等高种植等耕作技术。
A.biological control measures for water and soil loss mainly include forest planting, grass slope protection, land cover, contour farming
B.治理水土流失的生物措施方法包括植树造林、种草护坡、覆盖地表、等高种植、免耕、少耕、间作套种等耕作技术。
B.biological control measures for water and soil loss mainly include forest planting, grass slope protection, land cover, contour farming, no-tillage, minimal tillage, intercropping
C.万元工业产值综合能耗的计算公式是：万元产值综合能耗=能源消耗总量（吨标准煤）/工业产值（万元）。
C.computational formula for comprehensive energy consumption per ten thousand output value is that: comprehensive energy consumption per ten thousand output value= total energy consumption(tons of standard coal)/ value of gross output(ten thousand)
4.3监视和测量monitoring and measurement
A.低碳技术是主要涉及电力、交通、建筑、冶金、化工、石化等领域。
A.low-carbon technology mainly involves the fields of electric power, transportation, construction, metallurgy, chemical industry, petrochemical industry
B.二氧化碳燃烧后捕获技术是从化石燃料燃烧后产生的废气中采用液体溶剂和加热的方式将二氧化碳分离出来.
B.carbon dioxide burned trapping technique is that separate carbon dioxide from the waste gas after burning fossil oil by adoption of liquid solvent and heating methods
C.二氧化碳燃烧前捕获技术是首先将化石燃料转化为氢气和二氧化碳的混合气体，然后二氧化碳被液体溶剂或固体吸附剂吸收，再通过加热或减压得以释放和集中。
C.carbon dioxide burned trapping technique is that firstly turn the fossil fuel into mixed gas with hydrogen and carbon dioxide, then liquid solvent and solid adsorbent are absorbed, finally release and concentrate by the process of heating or pressure reduction
5能量释放energy release
5.1辐射释放源：radiation release source
A.勘探、开采、冶炼与精加工。
A.Exploration, exploitation, smelting and finish machining
B.农业的照射培育新品种，粮食贮存。
B.Agricultural new products cultivated by irradiation, and the food storage
C.医药的X射线透视、照相诊断、放射性核素对人体脏器测定，对肿瘤的照射治疗等。
C.X-ray fluoroscopy, photographic diagnostics, radionuclide for testing human body organs, treatment irradiation on tumour
D.各种加速器、射线发生器及电子显微镜、彩电显像管、高压电子管等。
D.Accelerator, x ray generator and electron microscope, Color TV electric image tube, high pressure electronic tubes
5.2运行控制operational control
A.机械噪声的治理措施有：提高设备精度、改善机器传动系统、调好平衡、提高机壳阻尼。
A.treatment measure for mechanical noise: Improve the equipment accuracy, improve the machine drive system, adjust balance and increase case damping
B.空气动力性噪声治理措施有：降低流速、适当增加导流片、减少气流出口处的速度梯度、调解风扇叶片的角度形状、改进管道连接处的密封性。
B.treatment measure for air power noise: reduce the flow velocity, Appropriate increase flow deflector, reduce the velocity gradient of air outlet, adjust the angle of fan blade, improve the pipe connection leakproofness
C.辐射屏蔽材料有：铅、钢筋水泥、铅玻璃等。
C.radiation shielding materials are lead, armored concrete, lead glass
6废弃物wastes
6.1废物源 waste source
A.冶金业产生的废弃物有高炉渣、钢渣、铜铅铬汞渣、赤泥、废矿石、烟尘等。
A.The wastes which come from metallurgic industry are blast furnace slag, steel slag, Chromium, copper, lead, mercury slag, red mud, junk ore, smoke
B.石油与化学工业产生的废弃物有废油、浮渣、含油污泥、炉渣、塑料、橡胶、陶瓷、纤维、沥青、油毡、石棉、涂料、化学药剂、废催化剂等
B.The wastes which come from petroleum chemical industry are waste oil, sludge, oily sludge, slag, plastic, rubber, ceramics, fibers, asphalt, linoleum, asbestos, coatings, chemicals, waste catalyst
C.轻工业产生的废弃物有各类食品糟渣、废纸、金属、皮革、塑料、橡胶、布头、线、纤维、染料、刨花、锯末、碎木、化学药剂等。
C.The wastes which come from light industry are food slags, waste paper, metal, leather, plastic, rubber, fabric, thread, fiber, dye, chopped wood shavings, sawdust, wood, chemical agents
D.机械电子工业产生的废弃物有有金属碎料、铁屑、炉渣、模具、砂芯、润滑剂、酸洗剂、导线、玻璃、木材、橡胶、塑料、化学药剂、研磨料、陶瓷、绝缘材料等。
D.The wastes which come from Electronic Industries are metal scrap, scrap iron, slag, mold, sand core, lubricants, acid lotion, wires, glass, wood, rubber, plastic, chemical, abrasive, ceramic, insulating materials
E.建筑工业：产生的废弃物有钢筋、水泥、粘土、陶瓷、石膏、石棉、砂石、砖瓦、纤维板等。
E.The wastes which come from construction industry are steel, cement, clay, sandstone, tiles, ceramic, gypsum, asbestos, fiber board
F.采矿业产生的废物有废矿石、煤矸石、粉煤灰、烟道灰、炉渣等。
F.The wastes which come from mining industry are waste ore, coal gangue, fly ash, flue ash and slag
G.种植业产生的废弃物有稻草、麦秸、根茎、落叶、烂菜、废农膜、农用塑料、农药等。
G.The wastes which come from planting industry are straw, wheat straw, roots, leaves, rotten vegetables, waste polluting plastics, pesticides
H.养殖业产生的废弃物有畜禽粪便、死禽死畜、死鱼死虾、脱落的羽毛等。
H.The wastes which come from breeding industry are faeces, dead ones, shed feathers
I.养殖和种植业的废弃物治理技术都可以是回收再利用、沼气。
I.technology for treatment of wastes which come from the breeding industry and planting industry can be recycling and reusing, marsh gas
J.冶金、石油化学、轻工工业、采矿业、电子工业、建筑业、机械电子业等的废弃物都可以使用回收再利用、焚烧、安全填埋的治理技术。
J.The wastes which come from metallurgy, petrochemical, light industry, mining industry, electronic industry, construction, machinery and electronics industry can be processed by recycling and reusing, incineration, secure landfill
6.2运行控制operational control
A.可回收废弃物包括：纸类、玻璃、塑料、金属、织物等。
A.Recycling wastes include paper, glass, plastics, metal and fabric
B.分选技术包括手工筛选、重力分选、磁力分选等。
B.Sorting technology includes hand selection, gravitational segregation and magnetic separation
C.固化处理技术是在废弃物添加固化基材，使有害固体废物固定或包容在惰性固化基材中的一种无害化处理过程。
C.solidified treatment technique is the innocent treatment process of adding solidification materials into wastes to fix hazardous solid wastes or include into inert solidification materials
D.焚烧技术是将固体废物高温分解和深度氧化处理，可将有害废料分解变成无害物质。
D.incineration technology is that the treatment of high temperature decomposition and deep oxidation of solid wastes, making the hazardous waste into innocuous substances
E.热解技术是将有机物在无氧或缺氧条件下高温（1000℃－1200℃）加热，使之分解为气、液、固三类产物。
E.pyrolytic technique is that heat with high-temperature the organic matters under anaerobic or oxygen deficit conditions, decompose into gas, liquid and solid products
F.生物处理技术是利用微生物对有机固体废物的分解作用使其无害化，目前主要应用有堆肥、制沼气、废纤维生产饲料等。
F.biotreatment technology is that use the microorganism to decompose organic solid wastes under harmlessness, the main applications are manure mixture for fertilizing, marsh gas production, scrap fibre into fodder
7物理属性 physical property
7.1物理属性physical property
A.我国目前对室内温度、室外管网的热输送效率、平均照度与照明功率密度的节能检测依据的强制性标准是《GB 50411-2007建筑节能工程施工质量验收规范》
A.At present, China has the mandatory standard GB 50411-2007 acceptance specification for construction quality of building energy-saving engineering for test of indoor temperature, heat transfer efficiency of outdoor pipe network, average illumination and lighting power density
B.我国目前对室内温度、室外管网的热输送效率、平均照度与照明功率密度的节能检测依据的强制性标准是《GB 50411-2011建筑节能工程施工质量验收规范》
B.At present, China has the mandatory standard GB 50411-2007 acceptance specification for construction quality of building energy-saving engineering for test of indoor temperature, heat transfer efficiency of outdoor pipe network, average illumination and lighting power density
C.建筑物的可以达到隔音的主要材料主要有自立式隔板、墙面吸音板、顶棚和地板。
C.The main materials used for sound insulation of buildings are self-standing cross wall, wall acoustic boards, ceilings and floors
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