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精益与6SIGMA的结合(转贴)

精益生产与六西格玛
――强强联手(A One-Two Punch)
当今社会,制造商们为了在收入持平的严峻形势下保持利润的不断增长,将越来越多的注意力投注于这样一条建议:省一分就是赚一分(富兰克林Benjamin Franklin)。
与质量改进密切相关的人员都清楚,钱应该从哪里省出来:减少返工、废料,建立一个流畅的生产流。
大家对减少废料和返工都没有异议。问题是用什么方法。六西格玛项目行之有效,受到极大的关注,广受欢迎;但这些项目经常需要耗时数月,而且需要培植精英即黑带人员,他们与车间第一线通常是脱离的。
精益生产对于提升生产力、变革企业文化及净化工厂有很好的效果,但是当碰到要解决看不见摸不着的质量问题的时候,它能提供什么有效的工具呢?
来自各行各业的公司(从场地设备、商业制冷设备到洗衣机、干衣机的制造商),通过将精益生产和六西格玛组合在一起,找到了最有效的方法来消除造成返工和废料问题的缺陷,并形成统一的持续改进的观念。
通过精益生产和六西格玛的强强联手形成了解决问题的强有力的工具,正是这些问题使公司年收入达不到底线要求。
这两个方法组合在一起使用所取得的效果比仅使用其中任一方法的效果要好的多。这是一个“1+1>2”的经典案例。
精益生产使我们增加行动力和意识。精益生产是以东芝生产系统的原理和突破性持续改进的方法为基础的,它着力于创建一个即时生产(JIT)零库存物料管理的生产流。通过一个为期五天的持续改进活动,跨部门的工作组着力解决质量和生产流中较容易的问题(我们称之为“挂得低的果实”),并取得了以下成果:缩短提前期、降低生产现场库存。
把“挂得低的果实”摘掉后,枝杈就看得清楚了;你就能明确哪些问题需要使用六西格玛的统计工具来找出其隐蔽的根源。
由摩托罗拉(Motorola)和通用电器(GE)的推广,六西格玛已成为一个香饽饽,许多企业趋之若骛,但现在有下降的趋势。六西格玛项目构筑了一个黑带大师(MBB)的结构(黑带大师们可以花六个月甚至更多的时间在单个项目上),这种方法牺牲的是行动力,也就失去了变革的动力,而精益生产项目对行动力有着固有的偏好。
通过精益生产和六西格玛两个视角来看改进项目,你可以在不忽略明显问题的同时,使用具有精确度和可操作性的工具来发现隐蔽问题。

案例研究
我们来看一下主要的操场设备制造商,位于Delano MN的Landscape Structures 公司的案例。这个公司实施精益生产技术已经一年多了,取得了缩短生产提前期92%、提高生产力20%多、将废料率从0.8%降到0.2%的成果。现在他们发现了一个需要再使用六西格玛的方法才能解决的问题。镀聚氯乙稀的管子上存在的小孔造成了大量的废料。这一问题最可能的原因是镀聚氯乙稀时的温度、角度或厚度的问题。Landscape Structures公司请TBM咨询公司来帮助解决这个问题,使用一种叫做精益六西格玛的方法(整合了精益生产、持续改进和六西格玛)。
我们通过测量所有的变量来确定问题的症结所在。一个由公司各部门的操作工、工程师和经理组成的工作组在TBM的咨询师带领下花了数个小时的时间在车间里观察,目的有二,一是收集第一手资料,二是熟悉情况。就像电视侦探Columbo说的,光凭看你也能发现许多信息。通过实践中的接触,你可以更接近要解决的问题,这是仅仅看着历史数据伴着插图从幻灯片的频幕上一页页闪过所做不到的。
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protonwira (威望:2) - 永远没毕业的黑带。。。

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I have no ample time to visit this forum, but occasionally I reply to some interested subjects.

IBM engineer already combined lean and six sigma tools at 20 years ago. IBM paper is solely for internal circulation, therfore their method was not known to public. This is also one reason why six sigma was never took off in IBM.

TBM or George Group consultants are never a pioneer in lean six sigma, they just re-cycle idea from other people and claim is theirs invention.

My ex-USA company deployed IE (now is lean) and tqm (now is six sigma) simultaneourly after learning IBM method and saved at least USD 4 million per year for a single product assembly line. They have 4 to 5 product lines for IBM and Apple. Just do a simple calculation to see how much savings.

Same issue here is this American company cannot sustain and maintain improvement gain. They went back to old habit after most pioneer members left the company for other greener pasture.

IBM hard disk division was also sold to Hitachi. Why? Because IBM also cannot maintain and sustain competitive manufacturing plants. Do you know how tough to deal with Japanese companies like Hitachi? They expect zero defect product from their suppliers. Let forget six sigma 3.4 PPM!

I back to my country after 10 years at abroad. I called up my ex-company HR manager and tried to find out what was going on (going wrong?) for last 10 years. He told me the company was under bankruptcy protection, but still invited me to join this company. I politely told him it was too late to salvage such an ailing company. This company was wound up three months later.

My many years working experience with American, European and Japanese companies told me only Japanese people have good discipline and attitude to sustain and maintain continuous improvement culture. Other non-Japanese companies are just celebrating short-lived success as you read in this article.

Just my opinion.

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